UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No.  )
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Preliminary Proxy Statement
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Confidential, for Use of the SEC Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
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Definitive Proxy Statement
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Definitive Additional Materials
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Soliciting Material Pursuant to 14a-12
FIRST WAVE BIOPHARMA, INC.
(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
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First Wave BioPharma, Inc.
777 Yamato Road, Suite 502
Boca Raton, Florida 33431
(561) 589-7020
Dear Fellow Stockholder,
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November 19, 2021July 25, 2022
On behalf of the Board of Directors and management of First Wave BioPharma, Inc. (“we”, “us” and “our”), a Delaware corporation, you are invited to attend our 20212022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders including any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on December 17, 2021August 25, 2022 at 9:00 A.M., Eastern Time and at any adjournment or postponement thereof, virtually via the Internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FWBI2021.FWBI2022.
Details of the business to be conducted at the Annual Meeting are described in this proxy statement. We have also made available a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20202021 (as amended on Form 10-K/A filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on May 10, 2022) (the “Annual Report”) with this proxy statement. We encourage you to read our Annual Report. It includes our audited financial statements and provides information about our business and services.
Your vote is important. Regardless of whether you plan to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, please read the accompanying proxy statement and then submit your proxy to vote by internet,Internet, telephone or e-mailmail as promptly as possible. Returning your proxy will help us assure that a quorum will be present at the Annual Meeting and avoid the additional expense of duplicate proxy solicitations. Any stockholder attending the virtual Annual Meeting may vote during the virtual meeting, even if he or she has returned a proxy.previously voted. Please refer to the “Voting” section contained within thisyour proxy statementcard for instructions on submittingvoting instructions. Submitting your vote. Votingproxy promptly willmay save us additional expense in soliciting proxies and will ensure that your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting.
Our Board of Directors has unanimously approved the proposals set forth in the proxy statement and recommends that you vote in favor of each such proposal.
 
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Sincerely,
 
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/s/ James Sapirstein
 
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JAMES SAPIRSTEIN
 
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President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors
If you have any questions or require any assistance in voting your shares, please call:
Alliance Advisors LLC
200 Broadacres Drive, 3rd3rd Floor, Bloomfield, NJ 07003
(833) 782-7196866-407-1875
NOTICE OF THE FIRST WAVE BIOPHARMA, INC.
ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
Date and Time
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December 17, 2021August 25, 2022 at 9:00 A.M., Eastern Time.
 
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Place
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Solely virtual via the Internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FWBI2021.FWBI2022.
 
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Items of Business
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1.
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Election of six director nominees named in this proxy statement, each for a term of one year expiring at our 20222023 annual meeting of stockholders or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified;
 
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ApprovalAdoption and approval of an amendment to amend our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Charter”), to increase the total numbereffect a reverse stock split of authorizedour issued and outstanding shares of our common stock,Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a specific ratio, ranging from one-for ten (1:10) to one-for-forty (1:40), at any time prior to the one-year anniversary date of the annual meeting, with the exact ratio to be determined by 25,000,000 shares to 50,000,000 shares;the Board without further approval or authorization of our stockholders(the “Reverse Split”);
 
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3.
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RatificationApproval, on an advisory basis, of Mazars USA LLP,the executive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers as our independent registered public accounting firm fordescribed in this proxy statement;
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4.
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Indication, on an advisory basis, of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021;preferred frequency of stockholder advisory votes on the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers; and
 
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4.5.
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Approval of the adjournment of the annual meeting to the extent there are insufficient proxies at the annual meeting to approve any one or more of the foregoing proposals.
 
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Adjournments and Postponements
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Any action on the items of business described above may be considered at the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) at the time and on the date specified above or at any time and date to which the Annual Meeting may be properly adjourned or postponed.
 
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Record Date
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November 9, 2021July 15, 2022 (the “Record Date”). Only holdersstockholders of record holding shares of our Common Stock, Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), as of the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting.
 
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Meeting Admission
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You are invited to virtually attend the Annual Meeting if you are a stockholder of record or a beneficial owner of shares of our Common Stock, Series D Preferred Stock or Series E Preferred Stock as of the Record Date.
 
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Availability of Proxy Materials
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Our proxy materials and the Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 20202021 are also available on the internet at: proxyvote.com.
 
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Voting
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If your shares are held in the name of a bank, broker or other fiduciary, please follow the instructions on the proxy card. Whether or not you expect to attend virtually, we urge you to submit your proxy to vote your shares as promptly as possible by following the instructions on your proxy card instructions attached to this Proxy Statement that you received in the mail so that your shares may be represented and voted at the Annual Meeting. Your vote is very important.
 
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BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS,
 
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/s/ James Sapirstein
Boca Raton, Florida
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JAMES SAPIRSTEIN
November 19, 2021July 25, 2022
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President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors

 
First Wave BioPharma, Inc.
777 Yamato Road, Suite 502
Boca Raton, Florida 33431
(561) 589-7020
PROXY STATEMENT
The enclosed proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of First Wave BioPharma, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), for use at the upcoming 20212022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders including any adjournment or postponement thereof (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on December 17, 2021August 25, 2022 at 9:00 A.M. Eastern Time and at any adjournment or postponement thereof, virtually via the Internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/FWBI2021.FWBI2022. In addition, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “stockholders” are to the holders of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), holders of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series D Preferred Stock”), and holders of our Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series E Preferred Stock”, and together with the Series D Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”).
This proxy statement, the enclosed proxy card and a copy of our annual report are first being mailed on or about November 22, 2021July 25, 2022 to stockholders entitled to vote as of the close of business on November 9, 2021July 15, 2022 (the “Record Date”). These proxy materials contain instructions on how to access this proxy statement and our annual report online at: proxyvote.com, and how to submit your proxy to vote via the internet, telephone and/or e-mail.mail.
Voting
The specific proposals to be considered and acted upon at our Annual Meeting are each described in this proxy statement. Only holders ofstockholders holding shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”)Common Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock as of the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of November 9, 2021,the Record Date, there were 12,460,848(i) 41,590,308 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, (ii) 150 shares of Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and (iii) 150 shares of Series E Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. Holders of record of shares of Common Stock have the right to vote on all matters brought before the Annual Meeting. Holders of record of shares of Preferred Stock have the right to vote only on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (as defined herein). Holders of Common Stock and Preferred Stock will vote on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal as a single class.
Each holder of record of our Common Stock is entitled to one vote per share of Common Stock on each matter to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting.
Each holder of record of our Series D Preferred Stock is entitled to 5,007.51127 votes per share of Series D Preferred Stock, calculated by dividing the stated value of $1,000 per share of the Series D Preferred Stock by $0.1997 per share, which is the Minimum Price as defined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) immediately preceding the execution and delivery of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 15, 2022, pursuant to which the Company issued the Series D Preferred Stock. The holders of record of our Series D Preferred Stock are entitled to vote only on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.
Each holder of record of our Series E Preferred Stock is entitled to 200,000,000 votes per share of Series E Preferred Stock, or an aggregate of 30,000,000,000 votes for each share heldall of the issued and outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock as of the Record Date.Date; provided, that, such shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall, to the extent cast on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, be automatically and without further action of the holders thereof voted in the same proportions as shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (excluding
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any shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock that affirmatively abstain or are otherwise not voted). As an example, if the holders of 50.5% of the outstanding Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock voted at the Annual Meeting are voted for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, 50.5% of the votes cast by the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock shall be cast for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. The holders of record of our Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to vote only on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.
Quorum
In order for any business to be conducted at the Annual Meeting, both (i) the holders of a majorityone-third of the voting power of the shares of the capital stock of the Company issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting, and (ii) the holders of at least one-third of the shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting must be represented at the Annual Meeting, either in person, by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy. If a quorum is not present at the scheduled time of the Annual Meeting, the Board, the chairman of the meeting or, if directed to be voted on by the chairman of the meeting, the stockholders present or represented at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon, although less than a quorum, may adjourn the Annual Meeting until a quorum is present. The date, time and place and the means of remote communication, if any, of the adjourned Annual Meeting will be announced at the time the adjournment is taken, and no other notice will be given unless the adjournment is for more than 30 days, in which case a notice of the adjourned meeting will be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. An adjournment will have no effect on the business that may be conducted at the Annual Meeting.
Required Vote for Approval
No.
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Proposal
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Election of Directors. The six director nominees who receive the highest number of affirmative votes cast by shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be elected.
 
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ApprovalAdoption and approval of an amendment to Amend our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Charter”), to Increaseeffect a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, at a specific ratio, ranging from one-for-ten (1:10) to one-for-forty (1:40), at any time prior to the Total Numberone-year anniversary date of Authorizedthe annual meeting, with the exact ratio to be determined by the Board without further approval or authorization of our stockholders (the “Reverse Split” and such proposal is referred to herein as the “Reverse Stock Split Proposal”). To approve the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. The Reverse Stock Split Proposal must be approved by the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock entitled to vote on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, voting together as a single class. Shares that are not represented at the Annual Meeting, abstentions and, if the Reverse Stock Split Proposal is deemed to be “non-routine” as described below, broker non-votes with respect to the Reverse Stock Split Proposal will have the same effect as a vote against the Reverse Stock Split Proposal. However, as further discussed under “Proposal No. 2 – Practical Effect of Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes,” because the Series E Preferred Stock has 200,000,000 votes per share on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal but such votes must be counted by the Company in the same proportion as the aggregate shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal at the Annual Meeting, the failure of a share of Common Stock to be voted on Proposal No. 2 will effectively have no impact on the outcome of the vote.
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3.
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Approval, on an advisory basis, of the executive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers as described in this proxy statement. To approve, on an advisory basis, the executive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers as described in this proxy statement. This proposal requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority of votes cast by shares of our Common Stock par value $0.0001 (the “Common Stock”)present or represented by 25,000,000 Sharesproxy and entitled to 50,000,000 Shares. To approve an amendmentvote at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to our Charter to increasethis proposal are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the numberoutcome of authorized shares of Common Stock by 25,000,000 shares tothis proposal.
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12
No.
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Proposal
4.
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50,000,000 shares. This proposal must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majorityIndication, on an advisory basis, of the outstanding sharespreferred frequency of our Common Stock entitled to votestockholder advisory votes on the proposal. Shares that are not represented atcompensation of the Annual Meeting and abstentions and, if this proposal is deemed to be “non-routine” as described below, broker non-votes with respect to this proposal will have the same practical effect as a vote against this proposal.
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3.
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Ratification of Mazars USA LLP as Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2021.Company’s named executive officers. To approveindicate, on an advisory basis, the ratificationpreferred frequency of Mazars USA LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm forstockholder advisory votes on the current fiscal year.compensation of the Company’s named executive officers. This proposal requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority of votes cast by shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to this proposal are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the outcome of this proposal.
 
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4.5.
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Approval of the Adjournment of the Annual Meeting to the Extent There Are Insufficient Proxies at the Annual Meeting to Approve Any One or More of the Foregoing Proposals. To approve the adjournment of the Annual Meeting in the event that the number of shares of Common Stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting “FOR” the adoption of any one or more of the foregoing proposals are insufficient to approve any proposal. This proposal requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority of votes cast by the shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to this proposal are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the outcome of this proposal.
Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
All votes will be tabulated by the inspector of election appointed for the Annual Meeting, who will separately tabulate affirmative and negative votes, abstentions and broker non-votes. An abstention is the voluntary act of not voting for or against a particular matter by a stockholder who is present, virtually, in person or by proxy, at an Annual Meeting and entitled to vote. A broker “non-vote” occurs when a broker nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner submits a proxy to vote on at least one “routine” proposal but does not vote on a particulargiven proposal because the nominee does not have discretionary power for that particular item and has not received instructions from the beneficial owner. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a broker or other nominee, your broker or nominee may not be permitted to exercise voting discretion with respect to some of the matters to be acted upon. If you do not give your broker or nominee specific instructions regarding such matters, your broker may submit a proxy to vote on “routine” matters but not on “non-routine” matters and such proxy will be deemed a “broker non-vote.”non-vote” with respect to such “non-routine” proposals.
The question of whether your broker or nominee may be permitted to exercise voting discretion with respect to a particular matter depends on whether the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) deems the particular proposal to be a “routine” matter and how your broker or nominee exercises any discretion they may have in the voting of the shares that you beneficially own. Brokers and nominees can use their discretion to vote “uninstructed” shares with respect to matters that are considered to be “routine,” but not with respect to “non-routine” matters. Under the rules and interpretations of the NYSE, “non-routine” matters are matters that may substantially affect the rights or privileges of stockholder, such as mergers, stockholder proposals, elections of directors (even if not contested), executive compensation (including any advisory stockholder votes on executive compensation and on the frequency of stockholder votes on executive compensation), and certain corporate governance proposals, even if management-supported. The determination of which proposals are deemed “routine” versus “non-routine” may not be made by the NYSE until after the date on which this proxy statement has been mailed to you. As such, it is important that you provide voting instructions to your bank, broker or other nominee, if you wish to determine the voting of your shares.
For any proposal that is considered a “routine” matter, your broker or nominee may vote your shares in its discretion either for or against the proposal even in the absence of your instruction. For a proposal that is considered a “non-routine” matter for which you do not give your broker instructions, the shares will be treated as broker non-votes. “Broker non-votes” occur when a beneficial owner of shares held in street namebroker or other nominee submits a proxy to vote on at least one “routine” proposal and indicates that it does not give instructions to the brokerhave, or nominee holding the shares as to how to voteis not exercising, voting authority on matters deemed “non-routine.” Broker non-votes will not be considered to be shares “entitled to vote” on any “non-routine” matter and therefore will not be counted as having been voted on the applicable proposal. Therefore, if you are a beneficial owner and want to ensure that shares you beneficially own are voted in favor or against any or all of the proposals in this proxy statement, the only way you can do so is to give your broker or nominee specific instructions as to how the shares are to be voted.
Under Delaware law and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (our “Bylaws”), abstentions and broker non-votes, on Proposalsif any, with respect to Proposal 1 3 and 4 are not counted as votes cast on an itemthe matter and therefore will not affect the outcome of such
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proposals.of such proposal. Abstentions and, if such proposal is deemed to be “non-routine” as described above, broker non-votes, onif any, with respect to Proposal 2 will have the same effect as a vote against such proposals. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to Proposals 3, 4 and 5 will not affect the proposal.outcome of such proposals. Accordingly, it is particularly important that beneficial owners instruct their brokers how they wish to vote their shares. Abstention and broker non-votes will be counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum present at the Annual Meeting.
Voting, Revocation and Solicitation of Proxies
The enclosed proxy is solicited by and on behalf of the Board, with the cost of solicitation borne by us. Solicitation may also be made by our directors and officers without additional compensation for such services. In addition to mailing proxy materials, the directors, officers and employees may solicit proxies in person, by telephone or otherwise.
We have also retainedengaged Alliance Advisors LLC, to assist it in the solicitation of proxies.proxies and provide related advice and informational support, for a services fee, plus customary disbursements, which are not expected to exceed $100,000 in total. Alliance Advisors LLC will solicit proxies on our behalf from individuals, brokers, bank nominees and other institutional holders in the same manner described above. Alliance Advisors LLC will receive a base fee of $7,500, plus approved and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and additional processing fees for any call campaigns, for its services to us for the solicitation of the proxies. We have also agreed to indemnify Alliance Advisors LLC against certain claims.
If your proxy is properly returned to us, the shares represented thereby will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions specified thereon. If you return your proxy without specifying how the shares represented thereby are to be voted, the proxy will be voted (i) FOR the election of the six director nominees named in this proxy statement; (ii) FOR the increaseReverse Split (in the case of the Series E Preferred Stock only, in the number of authorizedsame proportions as shares of our Common Stock to 50,000,000 shares;and Series D Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal); (iii) FOR ratificationthe approval, on an advisory basis, of Mazars USA LLPthe executive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers as our independent registered public accounting firm fordescribed in this proxy statement; (iv) FOR indicating, on an advisory basis, one year as the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021; (iv)preferred frequency of stockholder advisory votes on the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers; (v) FOR the approval of the adjournment of the Annual Meeting to the extent there are insufficient proxies at the Annual Meeting to approve any one or more of the foregoing proposals; and (v)(vi) at the discretion of the proxy holders, on any other matter that may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
If you have additional questions, need assistance in submitting your proxy or voting your shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or need additional copies of the proxy statement or the enclosed proxy card, please contact Alliance Advisors LLC.
Alliance Advisors LLC
200 Broadacres Drive, 3rd3rd Floor, Bloomfield, NJ 07003
(833) 782-7196866-407-1875
If you are a stockholder of record, you may revoke or change your proxy at any time before the Annual Meeting by filing, with our Chief Financial Officer at 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, a notice of revocation or another signed proxy with a later date. If you are a stockholder of record, you may also revoke your proxy by attending the Annual Meeting and voting. Attendance at the Annual Meeting alone will not revoke your proxy. If you are a beneficial owner whose shares are not registered in your own name, you will need additional documentation from your broker or record holder to vote personally at the Annual Meeting.
No Appraisal Rights
Our stockholders have no dissenter’s or appraisal rights in connection with any of the proposals described herein.
Solicitation
We will bear the entire cost of solicitation, including the preparation, assembly, printing and mailing of this proxy statement and the annual report, as well as the preparation and posting of this proxy statement, the annual report and any additional solicitation materials furnished to the stockholders. Copies of any solicitation materials will be furnished to brokerage houses, fiduciaries and custodians holding shares in their names that are beneficially owned by others so that they may forward this solicitation material to such beneficial owners. In addition, we may reimburse such persons for their costs in forwarding the solicitation materials to such beneficial owners. The original solicitation of proxies may be supplemented by a solicitation by telephone, e-mail or other means by our directors, officers or employees. No additional compensation will be paid to these individuals for any such services. Except as described above, we do not presently intend to solicit proxies other than by e-mail, telephone and mail.
34
PROPOSAL NO. 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
General
Our Bylaws provide that the Board shall consist of one or more members, and that any newly created directorship that results from an increase in the number of directors or any vacancy on the Board will be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office; provided that a vacancy created by the removal of a director by the stockholders may be filled by the stockholders. A director elected by the Board in the case of a newly created directorship will hold office for his or her full term until his or her successor is elected and qualified. A director elected by the Board in the case of a vacancy will hold office for the remaining term of his or her predecessor until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
Our Board currently consists of sevensix directors. Each of the director nominees identified below has confirmed that he or she is able and willing to serve as a director if elected. If any of the director nominees becomes unable or unwilling to serve, your proxy will be voted for the election of a substitute director nominee recommended by the current Board.
Upon recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, the Board has nominated James Sapirstein, Edward J. Borkowski, Charles J. Casamento, Terry Coelho, David Hoffman and Alastair Riddell Gregory Oakes and Terry Coelho for election at the Annual Meeting, each to serve for a one-year term until the conclusion of the 20222023 annual meeting of stockholders or until their successor is duly elected and qualified.
Vern L. Schramm, Ph.D., who has served as a member of our Board since 2017, has determined not to stand for re-election. Accordingly, the Board has approved a reduction in the size of the Board to six, effective immediately, upon the consummation of the Annual Meeting.
As we previously disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 16, 2021, the Board appointed Terry Coelho to the Board effective August 11, 2021.
Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among us, Alpha Merger Sub, Inc., First Wave Bio, Inc. (“FWB”), and Fortis Advisors LLC, as the hired representative (in such capacity, the “Representative”) of the former stockholders of FWB, dated September 13, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), we are obligated to expand our Board no later than the Annual Meeting to include a director appointed by the Representative. To date, the Representative has not nominated a director to be appointed to our Board. Accordingly, such director has not been included in this proxy statement.
Please see “Directors” below for more information, including the background and business experience of each director nominee taken into consideration by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.
Required Vote and Recommendation
The election of directors requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a plurality of votes cast by shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. The six director nominees receiving the highest number of affirmative votes cast will be elected. Unless otherwise instructed on the proxy or unless authority to vote is withheld, shares represented by executed proxies will be voted “FOR” the election of each of the below director nominees. Any abstentions or broker non-votes are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the outcome of this proposal, although they will be counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum present.
OUR BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF
MESSRS. SAPIRSTEIN, BORKOWSKI, CASAMENTO OAKES AND HOFFMAN, MS. COELHO AND
DR. RIDDELL UNDER PROPOSAL ONE.
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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
The following section sets forth certain information regarding the nominees for election as directors. There are no family relationships between any of the directors and our Named Executive Officers.
Director Nominee, Title
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Age
James Sapirstein –- President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Non-Independent Director
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60
Edward J. Borkowski –- Lead Independent Director
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6263
Charles J. Casamento –- Independent Director
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7677
Terry Coelho - Independent Director
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61
David Hoffman - Director
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61
Alastair Riddell, MSc., MBChB., DSc. –- Independent Director
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72
Gregory Oakes – Independent Director
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53
Terry Coelho – Independent Director
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6073
James Sapirstein was appointed to the Board on October 8, 2019 and as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective that same day. Mr. Sapirstein was appointed ChairmanChair of the Board effective February 19, 2021. Prior to joining us, Mr. Sapirstein served as Chief Executive Officer and as a director of ContraVir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (now known as Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) from March 2014 to October 2018. Previously, Mr. Sapirstein was the Chief Executive Officer of Alliqua Therapeutics from October 2012 to February 2014. He founded and served as Chief Executive Officer of Tobira Therapeutics from October 2006 to April 2011 and served as Executive Vice President, Metabolic and Endocrinology for Serono Laboratories from June 2002 to May 2005. Mr. Sapirstein’s earlier career included a number of senior level positions in the area of marketing and commercialization, including as Global Marketing Lead for Viread (tenofovir) while at Gilead Sciences and as Director of International Marketing of the Infectious Disease Division at Bristol Myers Squibb. Mr. Sapirstein is currently the Chair Emeritus of BioNJ, the New Jersey affiliate of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization, and also serves on the Emerging Companies and Health Section Boards of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization. Mr. Sapirstein received his bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from Rutgers University and holds an MBA degree in management from Fairleigh Dickinson University.
Mr. Sapirstein’s nearly 36 years of pharmaceutical industry experience which spans areas such as drug development and commercialization, including participation in 23 product launches, six of which were global launches led by him makes him a valuable asset to the Board and in his oversight and execution of our business plan.
Edward J. Borkowski was appointed to the Board in May 2015, and currently serves as our Lead Independent Director. Mr. Borkowski served as ChairmanChair of the Board from 2015 through his resignation effective as of February 19, 2021. Mr. Borkowski is a healthcare executive who currently serves as Executive Vice President for Therapeutics MD. He served as Executive Vice President of MiMedx Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: MDGX) from April 2018 until December 2019. Mr. Borkowski also served as a director for Co-Diagnostics, Inc. (Nasdaq: CODX), from May 2017 until June 2019. Previously, he served as the Chief Financial Officer of Aceto Corporation (Nasdaq: ACET) from February 2018 to April 2018, and has held several executive positions with Concordia International, an international specialty pharmaceutical company, between May 2015 to February 2018. Mr. Borkowski has also served as Chief Financial Officer of Amerigen Pharmaceuticals, a generic pharmaceutical company with a focus on oral, controlled release products and as the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Mylan N.V. In addition, Mr. Borkowski previously held the position of Chief Financial Officer with Convatec, a global medical device company focused on wound care and ostomy, and Carefusion, a global medical device company for which he helped lead its spin-out from Cardinal Health into an independent public company. Mr. Borkowski has also served in senior financial positions at Pharmacia and American Home Products (Wyeth). He started his career with Arthur Andersen & Co. after receiving his MBA in accounting from Rutgers University subsequent to having earned his degree in Economics and Political Science from Allegheny College. Mr. Borkowski is currently a Trustee and a member of the Executive Committee of Allegheny College.
Mr. Borkowski’s extensive healthcare and financial expertise, together with his public company experience provides the Board and management with valuable insight in the growth of our business plan.
Charles J. Casamento was appointed to the Board in March 2017. Since 2007, Mr. Casamento has been executive director and principal of The Sage Group, a health care advisory group. Prior to that, Mr. Casamento was president and Chief Executive Officer of Osteologix, a startup company which he oversaw going public, from October 2004 until April 2007. Mr. Casamento was the founder of Questcor Pharmaceuticals where he was President, Chief Executive Officer and Chair from 1999 through 2004. During his time at Questcor, the company acquired Acthar, a
56
Acthar, a product with sales that would eventually exceed $1.0 billion. Mr. Casamento also served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chair of RiboGene Inc. until 1999 when RiboGene was merged another company to form Questcor. He was also the Co-Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of Indevus (formerly Interneuron Pharmaceuticals) and has held senior management positions at Genzyme Corporation, where he was Senior Vice President, American Hospital Supply, where he was Vice President of Business Development for the Critical Care division, Johnson & Johnson, Hoffmann-LaRoche and Sandoz. He currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Relmada Therapeutics (OTCQB: RLMD) and also serves on the Board of Directors of Eton Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: ETON),. During his career, he has served as a director on boards of 14 public companies. He is a member of the Fordham University Science Council and has been a guest lecturer at Fordham University. He was previously a Director and Vice ChairChairman of the Catholic Medical MissionsMission Board, a large not for profit international organization.not-for-profit organization providing health care services to third world countries as well as a member of the Board of Directors of Mount Saint Michael Academy, a private high school in New York City. Mr. Casamento holds a bachelor'sbachelor’s degree in Pharmacy from Fordham University and an MBA with a concentration in Marketing Management from Iona College.
Mr. Casamento’s expertise and knowledge of the financial community combined with his experience in the healthcare sector makes him a valued member of the Board.
Terry Coelho was appointed to the Board on August 11, 2021. Ms. Coelho has served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Chief Business Development Officer of CinCor Pharma, Inc. (NASDAQ: CINC), a clinical stage cardiorenal therapeutics company, since November 2021. Prior to her current role Ms. Coelho served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. (NASDAQ: BDSI), a commercial-stage specialty pharmaceutical company, since January 2019. Prior to her tenure at BDSI, Ms. Coelho served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer at Balchem Corporation (NASDAQ: BCPC) from October 2017 to October 2018. Previous to her role at Balchem she served as Chief Operating Officer for Diversey, Inc., a multi-billion-dollar global private equity carve-out from Sealed Air Corporation. She additionally held senior finance positions at Diversey Care, including that of Division Chief Financial Officer and VP of Global Commercial Excellence, from October 2014 through August 2017. Ms. Coelho has also served in senior finance and operational leadership roles of increasing responsibility with leading global organizations, including Mars, Incorporated, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals from 2007 to 2014, including serving as Global Head of Oncology Development Finance. Ms. Coelho earned an MBA in Finance from IBMEC in Brazil and a Bachelor of Arts degree in both Economics and International Relations, summa cum laude, from The American University School of International Service in Washington, DC. She has led Women’s Networking ERGs and is a founding Steering Committee Member of the CFO Leadership Council - Charlotte, North Carolina, chapter.
Ms. Coelho was selected as a director due to her financial background and experience as a senior financial officer of public companies.
David Hoffman, was appointed to the Board on April 27, 2022. Mr. Hoffman has served as Managing Partner of Miliardi Capital LLC, a venture capital firm specializing in consulting and principle investing in financial and insurance entities, since March 2021. Prior to his current role, Mr. Hoffman served as Senior Vice President for ED&F Man Capital Markets, Inc. (“ED&F”), a global broker dealer and current consulting client of Miliardi Capital LLC, from March 2019 through December 2021. In his role as Senior Vice President at ED&F, Mr. Hoffman ran a software startup called OptionsLive, which provided traders around the world with trading and analytical software to trade options. Mr. Hoffman remains the founder and Head of Sales for OptionsLive. Previous to his role at ED&F, Mr. Hoffman served as Managing Director and Head of Proprietary Trading for Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. (“Nomura”) in New York from October 2015 through January 2019. In his role at Nomura Securities, Mr. Hoffman supervised a team of professionals who traded Nomura’s capital in foreign exchange and fixed income markets. Mr. Hoffman also served in various roles at First Wave Bio, Inc., which was acquired by First Wave BioPharma, Inc. in September 2021, including as President and Treasurer from December 2015 through September 2021, as a member of the board of directors from December 2015 through September 2021, and as chair of the board of directors from December 2015 through September 2018. Mr. Hoffman received a bachelor’s degree in Economics from Rutgers College and earned an MBA in Finance from Columbia University.
Mr. Hoffman was designated for appointment as a director by the former stockholders of First Wave Bio, Inc. pursuant to the Agreement and Plan and Merger, dated as of September 13, 2021, by and among the Company, Alpha Merger Sub, Inc. and First Wave Bio, Inc., and his extensive financial and investing background and management experience makes him a qualified member of the Board.
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Dr. Alastair Riddell was appointed to the Board in September 2015. Since June 2016, Dr. Riddell has served as Chair of Nemesis Biosciences Ltd and Chair of Feedback plc (LON: FDBK). He has also served as Chair of the South West Academic Health Science network in the UK since January 2016. Since his appointment in December 2015, Dr. Riddell has served as Non-Executive Director of Cristal Therapeutics in The Netherlands. From September 2012 to February 2016, he served as Chair of Definigen Ltd., and from November 2013 to September 2015 as Chair of Silence Therapeutics Ltd., and from October 2009 to November 2012 as Chair of Procure Therapeutics. Between 2007 to 2009, Dr. Riddell served as the Chief Executive Officer of Stem Cell Sciences plc. and between 2005 to 2007, served at Paradigm Therapeutics Ltd. as the Chief Executive Officer. Between 1998 to 2005, Dr. Riddell also served as the Chief Executive Officer of Pharmagene plc. Dr. Riddell began his career as a doctor in general practice in a variety of hospital specialties and holds a Master of Science and a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degrees. He was recently awarded a Doctorate of Science, Honoris Causa by Aston University.
Dr. Riddell’s medical background coupled with his expertise in the life sciences industry, directing all phases of clinical trials, before moving to sales, marketing and general management, makes him a well-qualified member of the Board.
Gregory Oakes was appointedBoard Diversity Matrix
In accordance with Nasdaq’s recently adopted board diversity listing standards, we are also disclosing aggregated statistical information about our Board’s self-identified gender and racial characteristics and LGBTQ+ status as voluntarily confirmed to the Board on April 13, 2020. Mr. Oakes brings over 25 yearsus by each of pharmaceutical industry and leadership experience and currently serves as President, North America, Relypsa, Inc, Executive Vice President, Vifor Pharma. Mr. Oakes previously served as Corporate Vice President, Global Integration Lead for Otezla® (apremilast) at Amgen, Inc. where he was responsible for the integration and continued success of the brand with $2 billion in assets. Prior to Amgen from 2017 - 2019, Mr. Oakes served as Corporate Vice President and U.S. General Manager at Celgene Corp., a global biopharmaceutical company which develops and commercializes medicines for cancer and inflammatory disorders. Mr. Oakes also served as the Global Commercial Integration Lead at Celgene where he helped steer the $74 billion acquisition by Bristol-Myers Squibb and the $13.4 billion divestiture of Otezla®. From 2010 to 2017, Mr. Oakes held several positions at Novartis AG, the most recent as Head of Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, North America. He began his career at Schering-Plough (Merck) where he held executive roles in both the U.S. and Europe. Mr. Oakes holds a bachelor's degree in Marketing and Business Administration from Edinboro University and a M.B.A. from Clemson University. He currently sits on the Board of BioNJ and previously served on various Executive Committees at Celgene, Novartis, and Schering-Plough (Merck).
Mr. Oakes’ background of over 25 years of pharmaceutical industry and leadership experience combined with broad experience in pharmaceutical commercialization and acquisitions makes him a qualified member of the Board.
Terry Coelho joined our Board on August 11, 2021. Ms. Coelho has served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. (NASDAQ: BDSI), a commercial-stage specialty pharmaceutical company, since January 2021. She joined BDSI in January 2019 as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Prior to her tenure at BDSI, Ms. Coelho served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer at Balchem Corporation (NASDAQ: BCPC) from October 2017 to October 2018. Previous to her role at Balchem she served as Chief Operating Officer for Diversey, Inc., a multi-billion-dollar global private equity carve-out from Sealed Air Corporation. She additionally held senior finance positions at Diversey Care, including that of Division Chief Financial Officer and VP of Global Commercial Excellence, from October 2014 through August 2017. Ms. Coelho has also served in senior finance and operational leadership roles of increasing responsibility with leading global organizations, including Mars, Incorporated, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals from 2007 to 2014, including serving as Global Head of Oncology Development Finance. Ms. Coelho earned an MBA in Finance from IBMEC in Brazil anddirectors.
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a Bachelor of Arts degree in both Economics and International Relations, summa cum laude, from The American University School of International Service in Washington, DC. She has led Women’s Networking ERGs and is a founding Steering Committee Member of the CFO Leadership Council – Charlotte, North Carolina, chapter.
Ms. Coelho’s extensive healthcare and financial expertise, together with her public company experience makes her a qualified member of the Board.
Board Diversity Matrix (As of July 15, 2022)
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
Total Number of Directors - 6
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
 
​​
Female
​​
Male
​​
Non-Binary
​​
Did Not
Disclose
Gender
Directors
​​
1
​​
4
​​
—
​​
1
Demographic Information:
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
​​
 
African American or Black
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
Alaskan Native or Native American
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
Asian
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
Hispanic or Latinx
​​
1
​​
1
​​
—
​​
—
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
White
​​
1
​​
2
​​
—
​​
—
Two or More Races or Ethnicities
​​
1
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
LGBTQ+
​​
—
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background
​​
2
Non-Executive Director Compensation
On October 1, 2020, our Board adopted a Non-Executive Director Compensation Policy under which each of our non-executive directors is entitled to receive the following cash compensation for their service on the Board (paid quarterly): (i) an annual retainer of $35,000; (ii) the chairman of the Board is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $20,000, (iii) the chairmanchair of the Audit Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $10,000, (iv) each non-chairmannon-chairperson member of the Audit Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $5,000, (v) the chairmanchair of the Compensation Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $7,500, (vi) each non-chairmannon-chairperson member of the Compensation Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $3,500, (vii) the chairmanchair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $5,000, and (viii) each non-chairmannon-chairperson member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $2,500. Additionally, under this policy, each of our non-executive directors is entitled to receive an annual grant of 80,0004,123 stock options for their service on the Board during 2021, which will vest in equal quarterly installments.
Effective September 1, 2021, our Board adopted an updated Non-Executive Director Compensation Policy under which each of our non-executive directors is entitled to receive the following cash compensation for their service on
8
the Board (paid quarterly): (i) an annual retainer of $60,000; (ii) the chair of the Audit Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $12,500, (iii) each non-chairperson member of the Audit Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $5,000, (iv) the chair of the Compensation Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $10,000, (v) each non-chairperson member of the Compensation Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $5,000, (vi) the chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $10,000, and (viii) each non-chairperson member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer in the amount of $5,000. Additionally, under this policy, each of our non-executive directors is entitled to receive an annual grant of 34,602 stock options for their service on the Board to purchase $50,000 of shares of Common Stock at a strike price equal to the closing price of the Common Stock on December 31, 2021, or $1.445 per share, which vest in equal quarterly installments.
Our Board will review the Non-Executive Director Compensation Policy on an annual basis prior to September 1 of each year.
The following table provides information regarding compensation paid to non-employee directors for the year ended December 31, 2020. Effective as of September 13, 2021, the Company effected a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 10-for-1 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). All share figures in the table below are reflected on a post-Reverse Stock Split basis.2021. Mr. Sapirstein did not receive compensation for his service on the Board as employee director for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021. Information regarding executive compensation paid to Mr. Sapirstein during 20202021 is reflected in the Summary Compensation table under “Executive Compensation” of this proxy statement.
Name
​
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
​
Stock
Awards(2)
​
Option
Awards(3)
​
All Other
Compensation
​
Total
​
Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
​
Stock
Awards
​
Option
Awards(3)
​
All Other
Compensation
​
Total
Edward J. Borkowski
​
$19,375
​
—
​
$35,968
​
—
​
$55,343
​
$68,125
​
—
​
$30,296
​
—
​
$98,421
Charles J. Casamento
​
$11,500
​
—
​
$35,968
​
—
​
$47,468
​
$54,417
​
—
​
$30,296
​
—
​
$84,713
Alastair Riddell
​
$11,500
​
—
​
$35,968
​
—
​
$47,468
​
$53,167
​
—
​
$30,296
​
—
​
$83,463
Vern L. Schramm(1)
​
$8,750
​
—
​
$35,968
​
—
​
$44,718
​
$54,583
​
—
​
$30,296
​
—
​
$84,879
Gregory Oakes(1)
​
$8,750
​
—
​
$30,444
​
 
​
$39,194
​
$55,833
​
—
​
$30,296
​
—
​
$86,129
Terry Coelho(2)
​
$27,626
​
—
​
$1,303
​
—
​
$28,929
(1)
Mr. OakesSchramm resigned from the board effective January 14, 2022.
(2)
Ms. Coelho was appointed to the board effective April 13, 2020.
(2)
Represents amounts of accrued and unpaid cash compensation for board services through December 31, 2020. By agreement with each director, on January 4, 2021, an aggregate of 4,123 stock options were awarded to the directors in lieu of payment of such cash.August 11, 2021.
(3)
Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of 8,0004,123 stock options issued to each of Messrs. Borkowski, Casamento, Riddell, Oakes and Schramm on April 6, 2020,January 4, 2021, and 6,0001,031 stock options issued to Mr. OakesMs. Coelho on April 13, 2020,September 9, 2021, our non-employee directors, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers currently serves, or has served during the last three years, on the Compensation Committee of any other entity that has one or more officers serving as a member of our Board.
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BOARD MATTERS
Board Leadership Structure
Effective as of February 19, 2021, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. James Sapirstein, was appointed to serve as Chairman of our Board. The Board has chosen this structure because it believes Mr. Sapirstein serves as a bridge between management and the Board, ensuring that both groups act with a common purpose. Mr. Sapirstein has provided strong leadership to the Board and management, instilling a clear focus on our strategy and business plans. The Board believes that the combined role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer better assists management in developing strategic direction and then more effectively holds management accountable for the execution of strategy once it is developed. Accordingly, the Board believes, at this time, that the combined role of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, together with independent directors, is in the best interest of stockholders, because it provides the appropriate balance between strategy development and independent oversight of management. All directors, other than Mr. Sapirstein, are independent as defined under Nasdaq and SEC rules, and all committees of the Board are comprised entirely of independent directors.
Mr. Edward J. Borkowski currently serves as lead independent director and has the following responsibilities:
providing leadership to the Board in any situation where the Chairman’s role may be, or may be perceived to be, in conflict, and also chairing meetings when the Chairman is absent;
serving as liaison between the Chairman and the independent directors;
approving information sent to the Board; and;
approving meeting agendas for the Board.
The Board believes that the lead independent director further strengthens the Board’s independence and autonomous oversight of our business and also enhances Board communication and effectiveness. The role of lead independent director serves as a bridge between the independent directors and management.
Director Independence
The Board has determined that all of its members, other than Mr. Sapirstein, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board, and Mr. Hoffman, are “independent” within the meaning of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules regarding independence.
Director Nomination Process
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee identifies director nominees by first considering those current members of the Board who are willing to continue service. Current members of the Board with skills and experience that are relevant to our business and are willing to continue their service as a director are considered for re-election, balancing the value of continuity of service by existing members of the Board with that of obtaining a new perspective. Nominees for director are selected by a majority of the members of the Board. Although we do not have a formal diversity policy, in considering the suitability of director nominees, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee considers such factors as it deems appropriate to develop a Board and its committees that are diverse in nature and comprised of experienced and seasoned advisors. Factors considered by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee include sound judgment, knowledge, skill, diversity, integrity, experience with businesses and other organizations of comparable size, including experience in the biopharma industry, clinical studies, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)FDA compliance, intellectual property, business, finance, administration or public service, the relevance of a candidate’s experience to our needs and experience of other Board members, experience with accounting rules and practices, the desire to balance the considerable benefit of continuity with the periodic injection of the fresh perspective provided by new members, and the extent to which a director candidate would be a desirable addition to the Board and its committees.
TheNominations of persons for election to the Board may consider suggestions for personsbe made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (a) pursuant to our notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board or any committee thereof or (c) by any stockholder of the Company who was a stockholder of record of the Company at the time the notice is delivered by such stockholder to the secretary of the Company, who is entitled to vote at the meeting upon such election of directors or upon such other business, as the case may be, and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in our bylaws.
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For any nominations to be nominatedproperly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice, which must be delivered to the secretary of the Company at our principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the 90th day, nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Company. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, postponement or recess of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting.
To be in proper form, such stockholder’s notice shall set forth: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business and residence address, and principal occupation or employment of the nominee, (ii) and all other information relating to such nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (iii) a reasonably detailed description of any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding that such nominee has with any other person or entity other than the Company including the amount of any payment or payments received or receivable thereunder, in each case in connection with candidacy or service as a director of the Company, (iv) such person’s written consent to being named in the Company’s proxy statement and associated proxy card as a nominee of the stockholder and to serving as a director if elected and (v) all information with respect to such nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice if such nominee were the stockholder giving notice hereunder and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Company’s books, and of such beneficial owner, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Company which are, submitteddirectly or indirectly, owned beneficially (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) or of record by stockholders.such stockholder and such beneficial owner (provided, that such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Company as to which such stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future), (iii) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their respective affiliates or associates, and any others acting in concert with any of the foregoing (including their names), including the nominee, (iv) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial owners, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the Company, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner, with respect to securities of the Company, (v) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Company entitled to vote at such meeting upon such business or nomination, as the case may be, and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, (vi) a representation as to whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (a) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Company’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (b) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such nomination, and (vii) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as the Company may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Company. If requested by the Company, the information required on such
11
nominee shall be supplemented by such stockholder and any such beneficial owner not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such information as of the record date. In addition, a stockholder seeking to nominate a director candidate shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the Company.
Provided that stockholders provide the information above required for candidates recommended by stockholders, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will evaluate stockholder suggestions for director nominees inthose candidates by following substantially the same mannerprocess, and applying substantially the same criteria, as it evaluates suggestions for director nominees madecandidates submitted by management, then-current directorsmembers of the Board or other appropriate sources.persons, as described above and as set forth in its charter.
8
The Role of the Board in Risk Oversight
Our Board oversees a company-wide approach to risk management, determines our appropriate risk level in general, assesses the specific risks faced by us and reviews steps taken by management to manage those risks. Although our Board has ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process, specific areas of risk are overseen by designation of such duties and responsibilities to certain committees of the Board.
Specifically, the Board has designated certain fiduciary duties to its Compensation Committee, which is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and arrangements, and the incentives created by the compensation awards it administers. The Board has also designated specific fiduciary duties to its Audit Committee, which is responsible for overseeing the management of enterprise risks and financial risks, as well as potential conflicts of interests. The Board is responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with the independence of the Board.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Board adopted a code of ethics (the “Code”) that applies to our directors, officers and employees. A copy of this Code is available on our website at https://www.firstwavebio.com/investors/corporate-governanceinvestors. We intend to disclose on our website any amendments to and waivers of the Code that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, or persons performing similar functions.
Stockholder Communications
If you wish to communicate with the Board, you may send your communication in writing to First Wave BioPharma, Inc., Attention: Chief Financial Officer –- 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
You must include your name and address in the written communication and indicate whether you are a stockholder of the Company. The Chief Financial Officer will review any communication received from a stockholder, and all material and appropriate communications from stockholders will be forwarded to the appropriate director or directors or committee of the Board based on the subject matter.
Meetings of the Board
Each of our directors who served during the year ended December 31, 20202021 attended or participated in no less than 75% or more of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of the Board; and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of the Board on which such director served as a member during such year. Although directors are not required to attend our annual meeting of stockholders, they are encouraged to attend.
12
The following table represents the composition of each committee of the Board and meetings held as well as actions taken by unanimous written consent (“UWC”) in lieu of holding a meeting, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020:2021:
​
 
​​
Committees
​
 
​​
Committees
Director
​
Board
​
Audit(2)(3)
​
Compensation(4)
​
Corporate
Governance and
Nominating(5)
​
Board
​
Audit(2)(3)
​
Compensation(4)
​
Corporate
Governance and
Nominating(5)
Edward J. Borkowski(1)
​
C
​
CC
​
X
​
CC
​
X
​
X
​
 
​
CC
Charles J. Casamento
​
X
​
X
​
X
​
X
​
X
​
X
​
 
​
 
Alastair Riddell
​
X
​
X
​
CC
​
X
​
X
​
 
​
X
​
X
Vern L. Schramm
​
X
​
 
​
 
​
 
James Sapirstein(1)
​
X
​
 
​
 
​
 
​
C
​
 
​
 
​
 
Gregory Oakes
​
X
​
 
​
 
​
 
Meetings Held During 2020
​
6
​
4
​
3
​
—
Actions Taken by UWC During 2020
​
9
​
—
​
1
​
2
Gregory Oakes(2)
​
X
​
 
​
CC
​
X
Terry Coelho
​
X
​
CC
​
X
​
 
Meetings Held During 2021
​
8
​
5
​
1
​
—
Actions Taken by UWC During 2021
​
12
​
—
​
1
​
1
C –- Chairman of the Board
CC –- Committee Chairman
X –- Member
(1)
Effective February 19, 2021, Mr. Borkowski resigned as Chairman of the Board and Mr. Sapirstein was appointed Chairman of the Board.
9
(2)
Effective June 16, 2022, Mr. Oakes resigned from the Board.
(2)
Effective August 11, 2021, Terry Coelho was appointed to the Board and effective September 9, 2021, was appointed to the Audit Committee as Chairman of the Audit Committee and to the Compensation Committee.
(3)
Effective September 9, 2021, the Board appointed Terry Coelho to the Audit Committee, replacing Dr. Riddell who resigned from the committee.Audit Committee.
(4)
Effective September 9, 2021, the Board appointed Terry Coelho to the Compensation Committee, replacing Dr. Riddell who resigned from the Compensation Committee, and appointed Mr. Oakes to serve as Chairman of the Compensation Committee.
(5)
Effective September 9, 2021, the Board appointed Dr. Schramm to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, replacing Mr. Casamento who resigned from the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Dr. Schramm has determined to not stand for re-election and will resignresigned upon the expiration of his term at the Annual Meeting.Company’s prior annual meeting of stockholders. Mr. Oakes was appointed to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee to replace Dr. Schramm.
Board Committees
The standing committees of the Board consist of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Our Board has adopted written charters for each of these committees, copies of which are available on our website at https://www.firstwavebio.com/investors/corporate-governance.investors. Our Board may establish other committees as it deems necessary or appropriate from time to time.
Audit Committee
​​
The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee include but are not limited to:
 
​​
 
​​
 
 
​​
•
​​
appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating, and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm;
 
​​
•
​​
discussing with our independent registered public accounting firm the independence of its members from its management;
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing with our independent registered public accounting firm the scope and results of their audit;
 
​​
•
​​
approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm;
 
​​
•
​​
overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that are filed with the SEC;
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing and monitoring our accounting principles, accounting policies, financial and accounting controls, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
 
​​
•
​​
coordinating oversight of the Code and our disclosure controls and procedures on behalf of the Board;
 
​​
•
​​
establishing procedures for the confidential and/or anonymous submission of concerns regarding accounting, internal controls or auditing matters; and
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing and approving related-person transactions.
13
The rules of Nasdaq require our Audit Committee to consist of at least three directors, all of whom must be deemed to be independent directors under Nasdaq rules. The Board has affirmatively determined that Ms. Coelho and Messrs. Borkowski and Casamento, each meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under Nasdaq rules. Additionally, the Board has determined that Ms. Coelho and Messrs. Borkowski and Casamento each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K.
Compensation Committee
​​
The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include but are not limited to:
 
​​
 
​​
 
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing key employee compensation goals, policies, plans and programs;
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing and approving the compensation of our directors and executive officers;
 
​​
•
​​
reviewing and approving employment agreements and other similar arrangements between us and our executive officers; and
 
​​
•
​​
appointing and overseeing any compensation consultants or advisors to the Company.
10
The rules of Nasdaq require our Compensation Committee to consist entirely of independent directors. The Board has affirmatively determined that Ms. Coelho, Mr. Oakes Ms. Coelho and Mr. CasamentoDr. Riddell meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the Compensation Committee under Nasdaq rules.
Corporate
Governance
and Nominating
Committee
​​
The duties and responsibilities of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee include but are not limited to:
​
​
 
​​
 
​​
 
​
•
​​
assisting the Board in identifying qualified individuals to become members of the Board;
​
​
•
​​
determining the composition of the Board and monitoring the activities of the Board to assess overall effectiveness; and
​
​
•
​​
developing and recommending to our Board corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company and advising our Board on corporate governance matters.
​​
The rules of Nasdaq require our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee to consist entirely of independent directors. The Board has affirmatively determined that Messrs. Borkowski and Oakes and Dr. Riddell meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee under Nasdaq rules.
1114
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth information regarding our current executive officers as appointed by the Board, each to serve in such position until their respective successors have been duly appointed and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal from office.
Executive Officer
​​
Age
​​
Title
James Sapirstein
​​
60
​​
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Daniel SchneidermanSarah Romano
​​
4342
​​
Chief Financial Officer
James E. Pennington
​​
78
​​
Chief Medical Officer
Our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the Board, subject to the terms of any employment agreements they may have with us. The following is a brief description of the qualifications and business experience of each of our current executive officers.
James Sapirstein. Please see Mr. Sapirstein’s biography under the “Director Compensation” section of this proxy statement.
Daniel SchneidermanSarah Romano was appointed to serve as our Chief Financial Officer on January 2, 2020. Prior to joining us, from November 2018 through December 2019 Mr. SchneidermanMarch 1, 2022. Ms. Romano previously served as Chief Financial Officer of Biophytis SA, (ENXTPA: ALBPS; Nasdaq: BPTS) and its U.S. subsidiary, Biophytis,Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: KPRX) (formerly EyeGate Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a European-based, clinical-stage biotechnologyspecialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development of drug candidatesdeveloping products for age-relatedtreating ophthalmic diseases, with a primary focus on neuromuscular diseases. Fromfrom February 2012 through August 2018, Mr. Schneiderman served as Vice President of Finance, Controller and Secretary of MetaStat, Inc. (OTCQB: MTST), a publicly traded biotechnology company with a focus on Rx/Dx precision medicine solutions to treat patients with aggressive (metastatic) cancer. From 20082017 through February 2012, Mr. Schneiderman was Vice President of Investment Banking at Burnham Hill Partners LLC, a boutique investment bank providing capital raising, advisory2022 and merchant banking services. From 2004 through 2008, Mr. Schneiderman served in various roles and increasing responsibilities, including as Vice President of Investment Banking at Burnham Hill Partners, a division of Pali Capital, Inc. Previously, Mr. Schneiderman worked at H.C. Wainwright & Co., Inc. in 2004 as an investment banking analyst. Mr. Schneiderman holds a bachelor’s degree in economicsits Corporate Controller from Tulane University.
Dr. James E. Pennington was appointed as our Chief Medical Officer in May 2018.August 2016 to January 2017. Prior to joining us, Dr. PenningtonKiora, Ms. Romano served as Senior Clinical FellowAssistant Controller at TechTarget from 2010 to 2018June 2015 through August 2016 and Corporate Controller at Bowdoin Group, a healthcare-focused executive recruiting firm, from September 2013 through May 2015. Previously, she held financial reporting positions of increasing responsibility at SoundBite Communications from 2008 until its acquisition by Genesys in 2013, and at Cognex Corporation from 2004 through 2008. Ms. Romano began her career as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer from 2007 to 2010 at Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ANTH). From 2004 to 2007, Dr. Pennington served as Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at CoTherix, Inc., and has held various executive positions at a numberan auditor in the Boston office of pharmaceutical companies, including InterMune Inc., Shaman Pharmaceuticals and Bayer Corporation. He has served on several editorial boards, and has authored numerous original research publications and reviews. Dr. Pennington is currently a Clinical Professor of Medicine with the University of California San Francisco, where he has taught since 1986. Prior to that, he was a professor at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Pennington receivedPricewaterhouseCoopers. A licensed CPA in Massachusetts, she holds a Bachelor of Arts in Accounting from College of the University of OregonHoly Cross and a DoctorMaster of MedicineAccounting from the University of Oregon School of Medicine, and is Board Certified in internal medicine and infectious diseases.Boston College.
Summary Compensation
The table set forth below reflects certain information regarding the compensation paid or accrued during the years ended December 31, 20202021 and 20192020 to our Chief Executive Officer and our executive officers, other than our Chief Executive Officer, who were serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2020,2021, and whose annual compensation exceeded $100,000 during such year (collectively the “Named Executive Officers”). All share and per-share figures in this “Executive Compensation” section are reflected on a post-Reverse Stock Split basis.
12
As previously reported on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2019, Dr. Dupret retired and resigned from his position as President of AzurRx SAS, a wholly owned French subsidiary of the Company effective July 1, 2019. Due to the resignation of Mr. Spoor as President and Chief Executive Officer effective October 8, 2019, Mr. Sapirstein was appointed as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective that same day. Compensation paid to Dr. Dupret and Mr. Spoor during the year ended December 31, 2019 is reflected in the table below.
Current Named Executive Officers(1)
​
Year
​
Salary
​
Bonus
​
Equity
Awards
​
All Other
Compensation
​
Total
Named Executive Officers
​
Year
​
Salary
​
Bonus
​
Equity
Awards
​
All Other
Compensation
​
Total
James Sapirstein
President and Chief Executive Officer
​​
2020
​
$462,500
​
td59,505(2)
​
$837,840(3)
​
—
​
td,459,845
​​
2021
​
$480,000
​
td86,000(4)
​
$628,380(6)
​
$—
​
td,294,380
​
2019
​
td02,404
​
—
​
td32,900(4)
​
—
​
$335,304
​
2020
​
$462,500
​
td59,505(5)
​
$837,840(7)
​
$—
​
td,459,845
James E. Pennington
Chief Medical Officer
​​
2020
​
td60,000
​
$64,799
​
td09,460(3)
​
—
​
$534,259
​
2019
​
td55,000
​
$75,000(2)
​
$115,000(4)
​
—
​
$445,000
Daniel Schneiderman
Chief Financial Officer
​​
2020
​
td85,000
​
$71,029(2)
​
$451,352(3)
​
​
$807,381
​
2019
​
—
​
​
—(5)
​
​
—
Former Named Executive Officers(1)
​
​
​
​
​
​
Johan M. (Thijs) Spoor
Former President and Chief Executive Officer
​​
2020
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
2019
​
$340,177
​
—
​
td57,500(4)
​
—
​
$497,677
Maged Shenouda(3)
Former Chief Financial Officer
​​
2020
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
2019
​
$308,035
​
—
​
td05,000(4)
​
​
$413,035
Daniel Dupret
Former Chief Scientific Officer
​​
2020
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
2019
​
td51,393
​
—
​
—
​
—
​
$151,393
James Pennington(1)
Chief Medical Officer
​​
2021
​
$370,000
​
$49,406(4)
​
$63,181(6)
​
$—
​
$482,587
​
2020
​
td60,000
​
$64,799(5)
​
td09,460(7)
​
$—
​
$534,259
Sarah Romano(2)
Chief Financial Officer
​​
2021
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
​
2020
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
​
$—
Daniel Schneiderman(3)
Chief Financial Officer
​​
2021
​
td85,000
​
$48,592(4)
​
td99,348(6)
​
$—
​
$532,940
​
2020
​
td85,000
​
$71,029(5)
​
$451,352(7)
​
$—
​
$807,381
(1)
Dr. Pennington resigned as Chief Medical Officer on March 31, 2022. Dr. Pennington currently serves as a consultant to the Company.
(2)
Ms. Romano was appointed Chief Financial Officer effective March 1, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Spoor’sSchneiderman’s employment with us as President and Chief ExecutiveFinancial Officer terminated effective October 8, 2019February 28, 2022 due to his resignation. In addition, Mr. Spoor resigned
(4)
Represents accrued and unpaid bonuses during 2021, as a member of the Board on April 29, 2020.December 31, 2021.
Mr. Shenouda’s employment with us as Chief Financial Officer terminated effective November 30, 2019 due to his resignation.
Dr. Dupret retired and resigned from his position as President of AzurRx SAS, a wholly owned French subsidiary of ours effective July 1, 2019.
(2)(5)
Represents accrued and unpaid bonuses during 2020, as of December 31, 2020.
(3)(6)
Represents the grant date fair value of restricted stock and stock options issued during the year ended December 31, 2021, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 14 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022 (as amended on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on May 10, 2022).
(7)
Represents the grant date fair value of restricted stock and stock options issued during the year ended December 31, 2020, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 13 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020.
(4)
Represents the grant date fair value of restricted stock and stock options issued during the year ended December 31, 2019, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The assumptions used in the calculation of these amounts are included in Note 1314 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020.
(5)
On June 28, 2019, we accrued an incentive bonus in the amount of $255,000 payable to Mr. Spoor. Subsequent to Mr. Spoor’s resignation, the Compensation Committee reviewed the accrued bonus and determined that such amount was not owed to Mr. Spoor, which determination is currently being challenged by Mr. Spoor. As a result of the Board’s and management’s determination, we reversed the accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2019. This bonus has been excluded from the table.
In addition, all unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options subject to time and other performance-based vesting conditions have been forfeited in connection with Mr. Spoor's resignation as our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Spoor also forfeited the right to receive 24,166 earned, but unissued shares of restricted stock in connection with his resignation from the Board on April 29, 2020.
On July 9, 2020, we and Mr. Spoor entered into a settlement and general release (the “Spoor Settlement and Release”), effective July 9, 2020 (the “Spoor Settlement Date”), of certain claims relating to Mr. Spoor's separation from the Company on October 8, 2019. In connection with the Spoor Settlement and Release, on July 14, 2020, we granted Mr. Spoor warrants to purchase an aggregate of 15,000 shares of Common Stock, which had a grant date fair value of $85,770. In addition, Mr. Spoor legally released all claims to a discretionary bonus in the amount of $255,000, which we originally accrued in June 2019 but was subsequently reversed during the quarter ended December 31, 2019, legally released all claims relating to $348,400 due to JIST Consulting, a company controlled by Mr. Spoor and we also paid Mr. Spoor's legal expenses in the amount of $51,200.
(6)
On June 28, 2019, we accrued an incentive bonus in the amount of $100,000 payable to Mr. Shenouda. Subsequent to Mr. Shenouda’s resignation, the Compensation Committee reviewed the accrued bonus and determined that such amount was not owed, and we reversed the accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2019. This bonus has been excluded from the table.
On July 2, 2020, we and Maged Shenouda, entered into a settlement and general release (the “Shenouda Settlement and Release”), of certain claims relating to Mr. Shenouda’s s separation from the Company effective November 30, 2019. In connection with the Shenouda Settlement and Release, we paid a total of $15,000 to Mr. Shenouda, which amount includes $10,000 of accounts payable of the Company due to Mr. Shenouda for services provided and $5,000 for legal expenses, and Mr. Shenouda legally released all claims relating to a discretionary bonus in the amount of $100,000 we originally accrued in June 2019, but was subsequently reversed during the quarter ended December 31, 2019
1315
Employment Arrangements and Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control
Current Named Executive Officers
Sapirstein Employment Agreement. Effective October 8, 2019, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Sapirstein to serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer for a term of three years, subject to further renewal upon agreement of the parties. The employment agreement with Mr. Sapirstein originally provided for a base salary of $450,000 per year, which was subsequently increased to $480,000 per year during the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition to the base salary, Mr. Sapirstein is eligible to receive (i) a bonus of up to 40% of his base salary on an annual basis, based on certain milestones that are yet to be determined; (ii) 1% of net fees received by us upon entering into license agreements with any third-party with respect to any product currentcurrently in development or upon the sale of all or substantially all of our assets; (iii) a grant of 200,00020,000 restricted shares of our Common Stock which are subject to vestvesting as follows (a) 10,000 upon the first commercial sale of MS1819adrulipase in the U.S., and (b) 10,000 upon our total market capitalization exceeding $1.0 billion for 20 consecutive trading days; (iv) a grant of 30,000 10-year stock options to purchase shares of our Common Stock which are subject to vestvesting as follows (a) 5,000 upon us initiating our next Phase 2 clinical trial in the U.S. for MS1819,adrulipase, (b) 5,000 upon us completing our next or subsequent Phase 2 clinical trial in the U.S. for MS1819,adrulipase, (c) 10,000 upon us initiating a Phase 32 clinical trial in the U.S. for MS1819,adrulipase, and (d) 10,000 upon us initiating a Phase 1 clinical trial in the U.S. for any product other than MS1819.adrulipase. Mr. Sapirstein is entitled to receive 20 days of paid vacation, participate in full employee health benefits and receive reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with his services to us.
In the event that Mr. Sapirstein’s employment is terminated by us for Cause, as defined in his employment agreement, or by Mr. Sapirstein voluntarily, then will not be entitled to receive any payments beyond amounts already earned, and any unvested equity awards will terminate. In the event that Mr. Sapirstein’s employment is terminated as a result of an Involuntary Termination Other than for Cause, as defined in the Agreement, Mr. Sapirstein will be entitled to receive the following compensation: (i) severance in the form of continuation of his salary (at the Base Salary rate in effect at the time of termination, but prior to any reduction triggering Good Reason) for a period of 12 months following the termination date; (ii) payment of Executive’s premiums to cover COBRA for a period of 12 months following the termination date; and (iii) a prorated annual bonus.
Romano Employment Agreement. Effective March 1, 2022, we entered into an employment agreement with Ms. Romano to serve as our Chief Financial Officer for a term of three years, subject to further renewal upon agreement of the parties. The employment agreement with Ms. Romano provides for a base salary of $365,000 per year. In addition to the base salary, Ms. Romano is eligible to receive an annual milestone cash bonus based on certain milestones that will be established by our Board or the Compensation Committee. On March 1, 2022, Ms. Romano was granted stock options to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock on March 1, 2022, with an exercise price of $1.18 per share, which shall vest in over a term of three years pursuant to her employment agreement. Ms. Romano is entitled to receive 20 days of paid vacation, participate in full employee health benefits and receive reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with her service to us. We may terminate Ms. Romano’s employment agreement at any time, with or without Cause, as such term is defined in her employment agreement.
In the event that Ms. Romano’s employment is terminated by us for Cause, as defined in Ms. Romano’s employment agreement, or by Ms. Romano voluntarily, she will not be entitled to receive any payments beyond amounts already earned, and any unvested equity awards will terminate. If we terminate her employment agreement without Cause, not in connection with a Change of Control, as such term is defined in Ms. Romano’s employment agreement, she will be entitled to (i) all salary owed through the date of termination; (ii) any unpaid annual milestone bonus; (iii) severance in the form of continuation of her salary for the greater of a period of six months following the termination date or the remaining term of the employment agreement; (iv) payment of premiums to cover COBRA for a period of six months following the termination date; (v) a prorated annual bonus equal to the target annual milestone bonus, if any, for the year of termination multiplied by the formula set forth in the agreement. If we terminate Ms. Romano’s employment agreement without Cause, in connection with a Change of Control, she will be entitled to the above and immediate accelerated vesting of any unvested options or other unvested awards.
Former Named Executive Officers
Schneiderman Employment Agreement. EffectiveOn January 2, 2020, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Schneiderman to serve as our Chief Financial Officer for a term of three years, subject to further renewal upon agreement of the parties. The employment agreement with Mr. Schneiderman providesprovided for a base salary of $285,000
16
per year. In addition to the base salary, Mr. Schneiderman iswas eligible to receive (a) an annual milestone cash bonus based on certain milestones that will be established by our Board or the Compensation Committee, (b) grants of stock options to purchase such number of shares equal to one and a quarter percent (1.25%) of the issued and outstanding Common Stock on January 2, 2020, or 33,500 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $10.30 per share, which shall vest in over a term of three years. Mr. Schneiderman iswas entitled to receive 20 days of paid vacation, participate in full employee health benefits and receive reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with his service to us. We may terminate Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement was terminable by us at any time, with or without Cause, as such term is defined in his employment agreement. Effective July 16, 2020, our Board approved an amended and restated option grant to Mr. Schneiderman, amending and restating the grant previously made on January 2, 2020, to reduce the amount of shares issuable upon exercise of such option to be the maximum number of shares Mr. Schneiderman was eligible to receive under the Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) on the original grant date (or 30,000 shares), due to the 2014 Plan provisions relating to Section 162(m) limitations. On June 30, 2021, our Board rescinded and cancelled the option grant previously made to Mr. Schneiderman on July 16, 2020 covering an aggregate of 28,500 shares under the 2014 Plan and granted new stock options covering an aggregate of 28,600 shares under our Amended and Restated 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) on substantially similar terms to the rescinded stock options.
In the event that Mr. Schneiderman’s employment iswas terminated by us for Cause, as defined in Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement, or by Mr. Schneiderman voluntarily, then he willwould not behave been entitled to receive any payments beyond amounts already earned, and any unvested equity awards will terminate. If we terminateterminated his employment agreement without Cause, not in connection with a Change of Control, as such term is defined in Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement, he will bewould have been entitled to (i) all salary owed through the date of termination; (ii) any unpaid annual milestone bonus; (iii) severance in the form of continuation of his salary for the greater of a period of six months following the termination date or the remaining term of the employment agreement; (iv) payment of premiums to cover COBRA for a period of six months following the termination date; (v) a prorated annual bonus
14
equal to the target annual milestone bonus, if any, for the year of termination multiplied by the formula set forth in the agreement. If we terminateterminated Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement without Cause, in connection with a Change of Control, he will bewould have been entitled to the above and immediate accelerated vesting of any unvested options or other unvested awards.
Mr. Schneiderman resigned from his position as our Chief Financial Officer effective February 28, 2022. Pursuant to the settlement agreement and release by and between the Company and Mr. Schneiderman, Mr. Schneiderman received: (i) all salary owed through February 28, 2022; (ii) his annual milestone bonus earned for the year ended December 31, 2021; (iii) a lump sum severance payment in an amount equal to six months of his base salary; (iv) payment of premiums to cover COBRA for a period of six months following February 28, 2022; (v) vesting of all unvested equity awards and extension of the period of time that Mr. Schneiderman may exercise any vested equity awards until the termination of such awards.
Pennington Employment Agreement. EffectiveOn May 28, 2018, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Pennington to serve as our Chief Medical Officer. The employment agreement with Dr. Pennington providesprovided for a base annual salary of $250,000.$250,000 which was subsequently increased to $425,000 per year during the year ended December 31, 2021. In addition to his salary, Dr. Pennington iswas eligible to receive an annual milestone bonus, awarded at the sole discretion of the Board based on his attainment of certain financial, clinical development, and/or business milestones established annually by the Board or Compensation Committee. The employment agreement iswas terminable by either party at any time. In the event of termination by us other than for cause, Dr. Pennington iswould have been entitled to three months’ severance payable over such period. In the event of termination by us other than for cause in connection with a Change of Control, Dr. Pennington will receivewould have received six months’ severance payable over such period.
Former Named Executive Officers
Spoor Employment Agreement. On January 3, 2016, we entered into an employment agreement with our former President and Chief Executive Officer, Johan Spoor. The employment agreement provided for a term expiring January 2, 2019. Although Mr. Spoor’s employment agreement expired, he remained employed as our President and Chief Executive Officer under the terms of his prior employment agreement through his resignation as President and Chief Executive Officer on October 8, 2019. In addition, Mr. Spoor resigned as a member of the Board on April 29, 2020.
The employment agreement with Mr. Spoor provided for a base salary of $425,000 per year. At the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board, following each calendar year of employment, Mr. Spoor was eligible to receive an additional cash bonus based on his attainment of certain financial, clinical development, and/or business milestones to be established annually by the Board or the Compensation Committee. Mr. Spoor’s employment agreement was terminable by either party at any time. In the event of termination by us without Cause or by Mr. Spoor for Good Reason not in connection with a Change of Control, as those terms are defined in Mr. Spoor’s employment agreement, he was entitled to twelve months’ severance payable over such period. In the event of termination by us without Cause or by Mr. Spoor for Good Reason in connection with a Change of Control, as those terms are defined in Mr. Spoor’s employment agreement, he was eligible to receive eighteen months’ worth of his base salary in a lump sum as severance.
Mr. Spoor resignedDr. Pennington retired from his position as our PresidentChief Medical Officer on March 31, 2022 and Chief Executive Office effective October 8, 2019. Mr. Spoor received no additional or severance compensation and all unvested stock options and shares of restricted Common Stock granted to Mr. Spoor were cancelled as a result of Mr. Spoor’s resignation. Mr. Spoor had a period of twelve months following his resignation to exercise all vested stock options.
Shenouda Employment Agreement. On September 26, 2017, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Shenouda to serve as our Executive Vice-President of Corporate Development and Chief Financial Officer for a term of three years, during which time he received a base salary of $275,000. In addition to the base salary, Mr. Shenouda was eligible to receive an annual milestone cash bonus based on the achievement of certain financial, clinical development, and/or business milestones, which milestones were established annually at the sole discretion of our Board or the Compensation Committee. Mr. Shenouda’s employment agreement provided for the issuance of stock options to purchase 10,000 shares of Common Stock, pursuant to the 2014 Plan, with an exercise price of $43.90 per share and a term of ten years. These stock options vested upon the achievement of certain strategic milestones during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Mr. Shenouda’s employment agreement was terminable by us any time, with or without Cause, as such term is defined in the agreement. If we terminated the agreement without Cause, or if the agreement was terminated duetransitioned to a Change of Control, as such term is defined in the agreement, Mr. Shenouda was entitled to (i) all salary owed through the date of termination; (ii) any unpaid annual milestone bonus; (iii) severance in the form of continuation of his salary for the greater of a period of 12 months following the termination date or the remaining term of his employment agreement; (iv) payment of premiums to cover COBRA for a period of 12 months following the termination date; (v) a prorated annual bonus equal to the target annual milestone bonus, if any, for the year of termination multiplied by the formula set forth in the agreement; and (vi) immediate accelerated vesting of any unvested options or other unvested awards.consulting role.
1517
Mr. Shenouda resigned from his position as our Chief Financial Officer effective November 30, 2019. Mr. Shenouda received no additional or severance compensation and all unvested stock options and shares of restricted Common Stock granted to Mr. Shenouda were cancelled as a result of Mr. Shenouda’s resignation. Mr. Shenouda had a period of twelve months following his resignation to exercise all vested stock options.
Outstanding Equity Incentive Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information regarding unexercised options, stock that has not vested and equity incentive awards held by each of the Named Executive Officers outstanding as of December 31, 20202021 and 2019:2020:
​​
​​
Option Awards
​​
Stock Awards
Current Named
Executive Officers(1)
​​
Grant date
​​
Number of
securities
underlying
unexercised
options (#)
exercisable
​​
Equity
incentive
plan
awards:
Number of
underlying
unexercised
unearned
options (#)
​​
Option
exercise
price ($)
​​
Option
expiration
date
​​
Number
of
shares
or units
of stock
that
have
not
vested (#)
​​
Market
value
of
shares
or
units of
stock
that
have
not
vested ($)
​​
Equity
incentive
plan awards:
Number of
Unearned
shares, units
or other
rights that
have not
vested (#)
​​
Equity
incentive
plan
awards:
Market or
Payout
value of
unearned
shares,
units or
other
rights that
have not
vested ($)
James Sapirstein
​​
10/8/2019
​​
—
​​
30,000(1)
​​
$​5.60
​​
10/7/2029
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
10/8/2019
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
​20,000(2)
​​
​11,200
​​
7/16/2020
​​
—
​​
​120,000(3)
​​
$​8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
Daniel Schneiderman
​​
1/2/2020
​​
—
​​
​30,000(4)
​​
$10.30
​​
1/1/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
7/16/2020
​​
—
​​
​28,500
​​
​$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
7/16/2020
​​
—
​​
​3,500(4)
​​
​$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
James E. Pennington
​​
6/13/2019
​​
—
​​
​11,000
​​
$17.50
​​
6/13/2024
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
7/16/2020
​​
—
​​
​3,000
​​
$​8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
 
​​
 
​​
Option Awards
​​
Stock Awards
Name(1)
​​
Grant date
​​
Number of
securities
underlying
unexercised
options (#)
exercisable
​​
Equity
incentive
plan
awards:
Number of
underlying
unexercised
unearned
options (#)
​​
Option
exercise
price ($)
​​
Option
expiration
date
​​
Number
of
shares
or units
of stock
that
have
not
vested (#)
​​
Market
value
of
shares
or
units of
stock
that
have
not
vested ($)
​​
Equity
incentive
plan awards:
Number of
Unearned
shares, units
or other
rights that
have not
vested (#)
​​
Equity
incentive
plan
awards:
Market or
Payout
value of
unearned
shares,
units or
other
rights
that
have not
vested ($)
James Sapirstein
​​
10/8/2019
​​
20,000
​​
10,000(2)
​​
$5.60
​​
10/7/2029
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
10/8/2019
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
10/7/2029
​​
—
​​
—
​​
20,000(3)
​​
112,000
​
7/16/2020
​​
24,166
​​
5,834(4)
​​
$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
6/30/2021
​​
20,000
​​
70,000(4)
​​
$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
James E. Pennington
​​
6/28/2018
​​
7,500
​​
—
​​
$30.40
​​
6/27/2023
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
6/13/2019
​​
11,000
​​
—
​​
$17.50
​​
6/12/2024
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
7/16/2020
​​
14,583
​​
15,417(5)
​​
$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
7/9/2021
​​
1,584
​​
8,416(6)
​​
$7.50
​​
7/8/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
Daniel Schneiderman
​​
1/2/2020
​​
20,000
​​
10,000(7)
​​
$10.30
​​
1/1/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
6/30/2021
​​
12,152
​​
12,848(8)
​​
$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​
6/30/2021
​​
2,332
​​
1,168(7)
​​
$8.50
​​
7/15/2030
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
​​
—
(1)
Sarah Romano was appointed as Chief Financial Officer subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2021, and therefore is excluded from the table.
(2)
Represents stock options issued to Mr. Sapirstein on October 8, 2019 under the terms of his employment agreement, which options will vest as follows: (i) as to 5,000 shares upon initiating our next U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial for MS1819, (ii) as to 5,000 shares upon completing the next U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial for MS1819, (iii) as to 10,000 shares upon our initiating a Phase 3 clinical trial in the U.S. for MS1819, and (iv) as to 10,000 shares upon initiating a U.S. Phase 1 clinical trial for any product other than MS1819.adrulipase.
(2)(3)
Represents the restricted stock unit (“RSU”RSU”) award issued to Mr. Sapirstein on October 8, 2019 under the terms of his employment agreement, which RSU will vest as follows: (i) as to 10,000 shares upon the first commercial sale in the U.S. of MS1819,adrulipase, and (ii) as to 10,000 shares upon our total market capitalization exceeding $1.0 billion for 20 consecutive trading days.
(3)(4)
On June 30, 2021, the Board rescinded and cancelled certain stock option awards previously made under the 2014 Plan (the “Prior Sapirstein Awards”) to Mr. Sapirstein and issued new stock options awards (the “New Sapirstein Awards”) under the 2020 Plan in an equivalent amount and with equivalent exercise price, vesting and expiration terms to the Prior Sapirstein Awards. The terms of the New Sapirstein Awards covering 90,000 shares of the Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.50 per share comprised of (i) stock options to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock that vest over a term of 18 months in 18 equal monthly installments starting with the first monthly installment on February 16, 2022, (ii) stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of Common Stock that vested immediately upon the grant of such stock options, and (iii) stock options to purchase 40,000 shares of Common Stock subject to milestone-based vesting based upon the achievement of certain strategic milestones specified by the Board.
(5)
Represents stock options issued to Mr. SapirsteinPennington on July 16, 2020, under 2014 Plan, which options will vest as follows: (i) 5,000 upon initiating its next U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial MS1819, (ii) 5,000 upon completing the next U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial, (iii) 10,000 upon the Company initiatingover a Phase 3 clinical trialterm of three years, in the U.S. for MS1819, and (iv) 10,000 upon initiating a U.S. Phase 1 clinical trial for any product other than MS1819. On June 30, 2021, our Board rescinded and cancelled option grants previously made to Mr. Sapirstein36 equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of July 16, 2020 covering 90,000 shares under the 2014 Plan and granted new stock options covering 90,000 shares under the 2020 Plan on substantially similar terms to the rescinded stock options.2020.
(4)(6)
Represents stock options issued to Mr. Pennington on July 9, 2021, which options will vest over a term of three years, in 36 equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of July 9, 2021.
(7)
During the three monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 2020, the Board approved an amended and restated option grant to Mr. Schneiderman, amending and restating a grant previously made on January 2, 2020, to reduce the amount of shares issuable upon exercise of such option to be the maximum number of shares Mr. Schneiderman was eligible to receive under the 2014 Plan on the original grant date, or 30,000 shares (on a post-split basis), due to the 2014 Incentive Plan provisions relating to the Section 162(m) limitations described above.limitations. The Board also approved the issuance of a replacement option covering the balance of shares intended to be issued at that time, or 3,500 shares. The original stock option has an exercise price of $10.30, the closing sale price of Common Stock on January 2, 2020, which was the date of its original grant, and the replacement stock option has an exercise price of $8.50, the closing sale price of the Common Stock on its date of grant. Both the original stock option and the replacement stock option vest over a term of three years, in 36 equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of January 2, 2020. On June 30, 2021, our Board rescinded and cancelled option grants previously made to Mr. Schneiderman on July 16, 2020 covering an aggregate of 28,500 shares under the 2014 Plan and granted new stock options covering an aggregate of 28,600 shares under the 2020 Plan on substantially similar terms to the rescinded stock options.
On June 30, 2021, the Board rescinded and cancelled certain stock option awards previously made under the 2014 Plan (the “Prior Schneiderman Awards”) to Mr. Schneiderman and issued new stock options awards (the “New Schneiderman Awards”) under the 2020 Plan in an equivalent amount and with equivalent exercise price, vesting and expiration terms to the Prior Schneiderman Awards. The terms of the New Schneiderman Awards covering 28,500 shares of the Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.50 per share comprised of (i) stock options to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock, of which options to purchase 7,986 shares of Common Stock vested immediately upon the grant of such options and the remaining options to purchase 17,014 shares of Common Stock will vest over a term of 2 years and 1 month
1618
Related Party Transactions
Johan (Thijs) Spoor
During the year ended December 31, 2015, we employed the services of JIST Consulting (“JIST”), a company controlled by Johan (Thijs) Spoor, our former Chief Executive Officerin 25 equal monthly installments, and President, as a consultant for business strategy, financial modeling, and fundraising. Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2020 and 2019, is $0 and approximately $348,000, respectively, for JIST relating to Mr. Spoor’s services. The approximately $348,000 included in the accounts payable at December 31, 2019 has since been waived by Mr. Spoor, pursuant to a settlement and general release, effective July 9, 2020. Mr. Spoor received no other compensation from us other than as specified in his employment agreement. On October 8, 2019, Mr. Spoor resigned as our Chief Executive Officer and President, and on April 29, 2020, Mr. Spoor resigned as a member of the Board.
In June 2019, we accrued an incentive bonus in the amount of $255,000 payable to Mr. Spoor. Subsequent to Mr. Spoor’s resignation, the Compensation Committee reviewed the accrued bonus and determined that such amount was not owed, which determination is being challenged by Mr. Spoor. As a result of management’s determination, we reversed the accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2019. As part of a settlement and general release effective July 9, 2020, Mr. Spoor waived all claims to the incentive bonus in the amount of $255,000 and also waived all claims to the amount of approximately $348,000 due to JIST Consulting, a company controlled by Mr. Spoor. Also in connection with the settlement and general release, Mr. Spoor received warrants(ii) options to purchase an aggregate of 15,0003,500 shares of Common Stock, and we agreedof which options to pay Mr. Spoor’s legal expenses in the amount of approximately $51,000.
As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Spoor was entitled to an aggregate of 24,166purchase 1,750 shares of restricted Common Stock with an aggregatevested immediately upon the grant date fair value of approximately $856,000 that have vested but not been issued. Mr. Spoor forfeited the right to receive these shares on April 29, 2020 in connection with his resignation from the Board.
Mr. Spoor received no additional or severance compensation and all unvested stocksuch options and the remaining options to purchase 1,750 shares of restricted Common Stock granted to Mr. Spoor were cancelled asvest over a resultterm of Mr. Spoor’s resignation.
Maged Shenouda
From October 1, 2016 until his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer on September 25, 2017, we employed the services of Maged Shenouda as a financial consultant. Included19 months in accounts payable at December 31, 2020 and 2019 is $0 and $10,000, respectively, for Mr. Shenouda’s services. On November 1, 2019, Mr. Shenouda submitted his resignation as our Chief Financial Officer, effective November 30, 2019.19 equal monthly installments.
(8)
Represents stock options issued to Mr. Schneiderman on July 16, 2021, which options will vest over a term of three years, in 36 equal monthly installments on each monthly anniversary of July 16, 2021.
In June 2019, we accrued an incentive bonus in the amount of $100,000 payable to Mr. Shenouda. Subsequent to Mr. Shenouda’s resignation, the Compensation Committee reviewed the accrued bonus and determined that such amount was not owed, and we reversed the accrual in the quarter ended December 31, 2019. As part of a settlement and general release entered into on July 2, 2020, Mr. Shenouda waived all claims to the incentive bonus in the amount of $100,000 and we agreed to pay Mr. Shenouda a settlement sum of $15,000, which includes $10,000 due to Mr. Shenouda reflected in our accounts payable as of June 30, 2020.
Mr. Shenouda resigned from his position as our Chief Financial Officer effective November 30, 2019. Mr. Shenouda received no additional or severance compensation and all unvested stock options and shares of restricted Common Stock granted to Mr. Shenouda were cancelled as a result of Mr. Shenouda’s resignation. Mr. Shenouda has a period of twelve months following his resignation to exercise all vested stock options.Related Party Transactions
Promissory Notes, Series B Private Placement and Series B Exchange
On December 20, 2019, Edward J. Borkowski, a director,Director, purchased a senior convertible promissory note (the “Borkowski Promissory Note (the “Borkowski Promissory Note””) for an original principal amount of $100,000, together with related warrants exercisable for 5,15451,547 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.70, pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreementnote purchase agreement by and between us and certain accredited investors. The Borkowski Promissory Note accrued interest at a rate of 9% per annum and was convertible at the option of the holder into shares of Common Stock at a price of $9.70 per share. On July 16, 2020, inthe Company conducted a private placement offering of Series B Preferred Stock and warrants (the “Series B Private Placement and Exchange”). In connection with the Series B Private Placement and the Series B Exchange, Mr. Borkowski purchased $250,000 worth of Series B Preferred Stock and related Series B Warrantswarrants for cash, and Mr. Borkowski also exchanged the balance of
17
his outstanding Borkowski Promissory Note of $105,128 (including outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon) for approximately 13.65 shares of Series B Preferred Stock convertible into 23,060 shares of Common Stock, Series B Warrants for 6,82613,653 shares of Common Stock and Exchange Warrants for 2,577 shares of Common Stock.
On January 3, 2020, Edmund Burke Ross, Jr., a stockholder that beneficially owned greater than 5% of our outstanding shares, purchased a Promissory Note for an original amount of $750,000, together with related warrants exercisable for 375,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.70, pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement by and between us and certain accredited investors. The Promissory Note accrued interest at a rate of 9% per annum and was convertible at the option of the holder into shares of Common Stock at a price of $9.70 per share. On July 16, 2020, in connection with the Private Placement and the Exchange, Mr. Ross exchanged the balance of his outstanding Promissory Note of approximately $786,000 (including outstanding principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon) for 102.06191 shares of Series B Preferred Stock convertible into 102,062 shares of Common Stock, Series B Warrants for 51,031 shares of Common Stock and Exchange Warrants for 19,3299,403 shares of Common Stock.
On July 16, 2020, in connection with the Series B Private Placement and the Exchange, James Sapirstein, President, Chief Executive Officer and DirectorChairman of the Board purchased $100,000 worth of Series B Preferred Stock and related Series B Warrantswarrants for cash. Mr. Sapirstein received approximately 12.99 shares of Series B Preferred Stock convertible into 12,987 shares of Common Stock and Series B Warrantswarrants exercisable for 6,493 shares of Common Stock.
As of May 12, 2022, Messrs. Sapirstein and Borkowski have entered into waiver agreements with the Company pursuant to which they have agreed to permanently waive the exchange right related to their Series B Preferred Stock for any offering by the Company of its securities for cash consideration occurring on or after January 1, 2022.
Policy and Procedures Governing Related Party Transactions
The Board is committed to upholding the highest legal and ethical conduct in fulfilling its responsibilities and recognizes that related party transactions can present a heightened risk of potential or actual conflicts of interest.
The SEC rules define a related party transaction to include any transaction, arrangement or relationship which: (i) we are a participant; (ii) the amount involved exceeds $120,000; and (iii) executive officer, director or director nominee, or any person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Common Stock, or any person who is an immediate family member of an executive officer, director or director nominee or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Common Stock had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Although we do not maintain a formal written procedure for the review and approval of transactions with such related persons, it is our policy for the disinterested members of our Board to review all related party transactions on a case-by-case basis. To receive approval, a related-party transaction must have a legitimate business purpose for us and be on terms that are fair and reasonable to us and our stockholders and as favorable to us and our stockholders as would be available from non-related entities in comparable transactions.
All related party transactions must be disclosed in our applicable filings with the SEC as required under SEC rules.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, requires our officers, directors, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our Common Stock to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Officers, directors, and greater-than-ten-percent stockholders are also required by the SEC to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file.
Based solely upon a review of these forms that were furnished to us, we believe that all reports required to be filed by these individuals and persons under Section 16(a) were filed during the year ended December 31, 20202021 and that such filings were timely, except for the following:
Mr. Schneiderman, our Chief Financial Officer, filed one late Form 4 reporting one transaction;
Mr. Burke, a beneficial owner of more than 10% of the Company’s Common Stock, filed one late Form 4 reporting two transactions;
Mr. Borkowski, a director, filed one late Form 4 reporting four transactions;
Mr. Oakes, a director, filed one late Form 4 reporting one transaction;
Dr. Pennington, our Chief Medical Officer, filed one late Form 4 reporting one transaction.timely.
1819
Report of the Audit Committee
The following Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or to be incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this proxy statement into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates this Report therein, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.
The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management and Mazars USA LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, the audited consolidated financial statements in the First Wave BioPharma, Inc. (formerly AzurRx BioPharma, Inc.) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021 (as amended on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on May 10, 2022). The Audit Committee has also discussed with Mazars USA LLP those matters required to be discussed by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1301.
Mazars USA LLP also provided the Audit Committee with the written disclosures and the letter required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent auditor’s communication with the Audit Committee concerning independence. The Audit Committee has discussed with the registered public accounting firm their independence from our Company.
Based on its discussions with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, and its review of the representations and information provided by management and the independent registered public accounting firm, including as set forth above, the Audit Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.2021 (as amended on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on May 10, 2022).
 
​​
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,
 
​​
 
 
​​
Edward J. Borkowski,Terry Coelho, ChairmanChair
 
​​
Alastair RiddellEdward J. Borkowski
 
​​
Charles J. Casamento
1920
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS AND
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth information regarding shares of our capital stock beneficially owned as of July 15, 2022 by:
each of our officers and directors;
all officers and directors as a group; and
each person known by us to beneficially own five percent or more of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. Percentage of ownership is calculated based on 41,590,308 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 15, 2022.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
​​
Number
of
Shares(2)
​​
Percent
Ownership
of Class(3)
Common Stock
​​
 
​​
 
Current Named Executive Officers and Directors
​​
 
​​
 
James Sapirstein, President and Chief Executive Officer(4)
​​
197,280
​​
*
Sarah Romano, Chief Financial Officer(5)
​​
—
​​
*
Edward J. Borkowski, Director Nominee(6)
​​
440,309
​​
1.1%
Charles J. Casamento, Director Nominee(7)
​​
44,064
​​
*
Terry Coelho, Director Nominee(8)
​​
18,273
​​
*
David Hoffman, Director Nominee
​​
181,000
​​
*
Alastair Riddell, Director Nominee(9)
​​
48,569
​​
*
Former Named Executive Officers
​​
 
​​
 
Daniel Schneiderman, Former Chief Financial Officer(10)
​​
68,600
​​
*
James E. Pennington, Former Chief Medical Officer
​​
—
​​
*
All Directors, Executive Officers and Former Named Executive Officers as a group (9 persons)
​​
998,095
​​
2.4%
Series D Preferred Stock(11)
​​
 
​​
 
Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.(12)
​​
75
​​
50%
Intracoastal Capital LLC(13)
​​
75
​​
50%
Series E Preferred Stock(11)
​​
 
​​
 
Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.(12)
​​
75
​​
50%
Intracoastal Capital LLC(13)
​​
75
​​
50%
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of such individual is c/o First Wave BioPharma, Inc., 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. All entries exclude beneficial ownership of shares issuable pursuant to warrants, options, preferred stock or other derivative securities that have not vested or that are not otherwise exercisable as of July 15, 2022, or which will not become vested or exercisable within 60 days of July 15, 2022.
(3)
Percentages are rounded to nearest tenth of a percent. Percentages are based on 41,590,308 shares of Common Stock outstanding, 150 shares of Series D Preferred Stock outstanding, or 150 shares of Series E Preferred Stock outstanding, as applicable. Warrants, options, preferred stock or other derivative securities that are presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of July 15, 2022, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other person.
(4)
Includes (i) 116,949 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options, (ii) 15,396 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of approximately 13.528 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which includes accrued and unpaid dividends through July 15, 2022, and (iii) 64,935 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants. Excludes (i) 153,051 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options, and (ii) 20,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon unvested Restricted Stock Units (RSUs). Pursuant to the Series B Exchange Right, Mr. Sapirstein has the right to exchange the stated value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock beneficially owned by him for securities offered by the Company in any offering for cash proceeds that occurred between July 16, 2020 and January 1, 2022.
(5)
Excludes 150,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(6)
Includes (i) 40,977 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 307,923 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants, (iii) 35,365 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options, (iv) 54,676 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of approximately 48.043 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which includes accrued and unpaid dividends through July 15, 2022,
21
and (v) 1,368 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Borkowski’s spouse. Excludes (i) 17,240 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options, and (ii) 4,500 unvested and unissued restricted shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the Series B Exchange Right, Mr. Borkowski has the right to exchange the stated value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock beneficially owned by him for securities offered by the Company in any offering for cash proceeds that occurred between July 16, 2020 and January 1, 2022.
(7)
Includes (i) 10,799 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 32,365 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options, and (iii) 900 shares of Common Stock held by La Jolla Lenox Trust, a family trust of which the Trustee is someone other than Mr. Casamento. Mr. Casamento and members of his immediate family are the sole beneficiaries of the trust. Excludes 17,240 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(8)
Includes 18,273 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 17,240 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(9)
Includes (i) 13,204 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) 35,365 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes (i) 17,240 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options, and (ii) 3,000 unvested restricted shares of Common Stock.
(10)
Includes (i) 100 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 68,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options.
(11)
No director, executive officer, or former executive officer of the Company is a holder of Series D Preferred Stock or Series E Preferred Stock.
(12)
Based on information known to the Company. The securities are directly held by Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company, and may be deemed to be indirectly beneficially owned by Armistice Capital, LLC (“Armistice Capital”), as the investment manager of Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. and Steven Boyd, as the Managing Member of Armistice Capital. Armistice Capital and Steven Boyd disclaim beneficial ownership of the reported securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. The address of Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Armistice Capital, LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
(13)
Based on information known to the Company. The address of Intracoastal Capital LLC is 2211A Lakeside Drive, Bannockburn, IL 60015.
22
PROPOSAL NO. 2: ADOPTION AND APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO AMEND OUR CHARTER TO INCREASE
THE TOTAL NUMBEREFFECT A REVERSE STOCK SPLIT OF AUTHORIZEDOUR ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING SHARES OF COMMON STOCK,
AT A SPECIFIC RATIO, RANGING FROM ONE-FOR-TEN (1:10) TO ONE-FOR-FORTY (1:40), AT ANY TIME PRIOR TO THE ONE-YEAR ANNIVERSARY DATE OF THE ANNUAL MEETING, WITH THE EXACT RATIO TO BE DETERMINED BY 25,000,000 SHARES TO 50,000,000 SHARESTHE BOARD
Overview
Our Board has approved, subject to shareholder approval,determined that it is advisable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, for us to amend our Charter to authorize our Board to effect a reverse stock split (the “Charter Amendment”) of our issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock at a specific ratio, ranging from one-for-ten (1:10) to one-for-forty (1:40) (the “Approved Split Ratios”), to be determined by the Board (the “Reverse Split”). A vote for this Proposal No. 2 will constitute approval of the Reverse Split that, once authorized by the Board and effected by filing the Charter Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, will combine between ten and forty shares of our Common Stock into one share of our Common Stock. If implemented, the Reverse Split will have the effect of decreasing the number of shares of our Common Stock issued and outstanding.
Accordingly, stockholders are asked to adopt and approve the Charter Amendment set forth in Appendix A to effect the Reverse Split as set forth in the Charter Amendment, subject to the Board’s determination, in its sole discretion, whether or not to implement the Reverse Split, as well as the specific ratio within the range of the Approved Split Ratios, and provided that the Reverse Split must be effected on or prior to the one-year anniversary date of the Annual Meeting. The text of Appendix A remains subject to modification to include such changes as may be required by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and as our Board deems necessary or advisable to implement the Reverse Split.
If adopted and approved by the holders of our outstanding voting securities, the Reverse Split would be applied at an Approved Split Ratio approved by the Board prior to the one-year anniversary date of the Annual Meeting. The Board reserves the right to elect to abandon the Reverse Split if it determines, in its sole discretion, that the Reverse Split is no longer in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.
Purpose and Rationale for the Reverse Split
Avoid Delisting from the Nasdaq. On May 16, 2022, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Common Stock for the last 30 consecutive business days, we are not currently in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Notice”). We are provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until November 14, 2022, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid requirement. If at any time before November 14, 2022, the closing bid price of our Common Stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, subject to Nasdaq’s discretion to extend this period to 20 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide written notification that we have achieved compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, and the matter would be resolved. If we do not regain compliance during the compliance period ending November 14, 2022, then Nasdaq may grant us a second 180 calendar day period to regain compliance, provided we meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly-held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, other than the minimum closing bid price requirement, and notify Nasdaq of our intent to cure the deficiency.
Failure to approve the Reverse Split may potentially have serious, adverse effects on us and our stockholders. Our Common Stock could be delisted from Nasdaq because shares of our Common Stock may continue to trade below the requisite $1.00 per share price needed to maintain our listing in accordance with the minimum bid price requirement. Our shares may then trade on the OTC Bulletin Board or other small trading markets, such as the pink sheets. In that event, our Common Stock could trade thinly as a microcap or penny stock, adversely decrease to nominal levels of trading and may be avoided by retail and institutional investors, resulting in the impaired liquidity of our Common Stock.
As of July 15, 2022, our Common Stock closed at $0.157 per share on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The Reverse Split, if effected, would likely have the immediate effect of increasing the price of our Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market, therefore reducing the risk that our Common Stock could be delisted from Nasdaq.
23
Our Board strongly believes that the Reverse Split is necessary to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. Accordingly, the Board has approved resolutions proposing the Charter Amendment to effect the Reverse Split and directed that it be submitted to our stockholders for adoption and approval at the Annual Meeting.
Management and the Board have considered the potential harm to us and our stockholders should Nasdaq delist our Common Stock from trading. Delisting could adversely affect the liquidity of our Common Stock since alternatives, such as the OTC Bulletin Board and the pink sheets, are generally considered to be less efficient markets. An investor likely would find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations in seeking to buy, our Common Stock on an over-the-counter market. Many investors likely would not buy or sell our Common Stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national exchange, or other reasons.
Other Effects. The Board also believes that the increased market price of our Common Stock expected as a result of implementing the Reverse Split could improve the marketability and liquidity of our Common Stock and may encourage interest and trading in our Common Stock. The Reverse Split, if effected, could allow a broader range of institutions to invest in our Common Stock (namely, funds that are prohibited from buying stock whose price is below a certain threshold), potentially increasing the trading volume and liquidity of our Common Stock. The Reverse Split could help increase analyst and broker interest in the Common Stock, as their policies can discourage them from following or recommending companies with low stock prices. Because of the trading volatility often associated with low-priced stocks, many brokerage houses and institutional investors have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers. Some of those policies and practices may make the processing of trades in low-priced stocks economically unattractive to brokers. Additionally, because brokers’ commissions on low-priced stocks generally represent a higher percentage of the stock price than commissions on higher-priced stocks, a low average price per share of our Common Stock can result in individual stockholders paying transaction costs representing a higher percentage of their total share value than would be the case if the share price were higher.
Our Board does not intend for this transaction to be the first step in a series of plans or proposals effect a “going private transaction” within the meaning of Rule 13e-3 of the Exchange Act.
Risks of the Proposed Reverse Split
We cannot assure you that the proposed Reverse Split will increase the price of our Common Stock and have the desired effect of maintaining compliance with Nasdaq.
If the Reverse Split is implemented, our Board expects that it will increase the market price of our Common Stock so that we are able to regain and maintain compliance with the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement. However, the effect of the Reverse Split upon the market price of our Common Stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of similar stock splits for companies in like circumstances is varied. It is possible that (i) the per share price of our Common Stock after the Reverse Split will not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding resulting from the Reverse Split, (ii) the market price per post-Reverse Split share may not exceed or remain in excess of the $1.00 minimum bid price for a sustained period of time, or (iii) the Reverse Split may not result in a per share price that would attract brokers and investors who do not trade in lower priced stocks. Even if the Reverse Split is implemented, the market price of our Common Stock may decrease due to factors unrelated to the Reverse Split. In any case, the market price of our Common Stock will be based on other factors which may be unrelated to the number of shares outstanding, including our future performance. If the Reverse Split is consummated and the trading price of our Common Stock declines, the percentage decline as an absolute number and as a percentage of our overall market capitalization may be greater than would occur in the absence of the Reverse Split. Even if the market price per post-Reverse Split share of our Common Stock remains in excess of $1.00 per share, we may be delisted due to a failure to meet other continued listing requirements, including Nasdaq requirements related to the minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum number of shares that must be in the public float and the minimum market value of the public float.
A decline in the market price of our Common Stock after the Reverse Split is implemented may result in a greater percentage decline than would occur in the absence of a reverse stock split.
If the Reverse Split is implemented and the market price of our Common Stock declines, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of a reverse stock split. The market price of our Common Stock will, however, also be based upon our performance and other factors, which are unrelated to the number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance thereunder by 25,000,000 shares, from 25,000,000 shares to 50,000,000 shares. If approved byoutstanding.
24
The proposed Reverse Split may decrease the liquidity of our stockholders, the amendment will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of amendment (the “Charter Amendment”) with the Delaware Secretary of State, which filing is expected to occur promptly after stockholder approval of this Proposal No. 2.Common Stock.
The formliquidity of amendment to our Charter relating to thisCommon Stock may be harmed by the proposed Reverse Split given the reduced number of shares of Common Stock that would be outstanding after the Reverse Split, particularly if the stock price does not increase as a result of the Reverse Split.
Determination of the Ratio for the Reverse Split
If Proposal No. 2 is attached to this Proxy Statement as Appendix A, subject to any changes requiredapproved by applicable law. All sharestockholders and per-share figuresthe Board determines that it is in this Proposal 2 are reflected on a post-Reverse Stock Split basis.
Purpose and Effectthe best interests of the Amendment
We doCompany and its stockholders to move forward with the Reverse Split, the Approved Split Ratio will be selected by the Board, in its sole discretion. However, the Approved Split Ratio will not currently havebe less than a sufficientratio of one-for-ten (1:10) or exceed a ratio of one-for-forty (1:40). In determining which Approved Split Ratio to use, the Board will consider numerous factors, including the historical and projected performance of our Common Stock, prevailing market conditions and general economic trends, and will place emphasis on the expected closing price of our Common Stock in the period following the effectiveness of the Reverse Split. The Board will also consider the impact of the Approved Split Ratios on investor interest. The purpose of selecting a range is to give the Board the flexibility to meet business needs as they arise, to take advantage of favorable opportunities and to respond to a changing corporate environment. Based on the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to adequately finance the Company to cover the costs of our operations including our product development programs, business development, contractual obligations and other operating activities.
Our Charter currently authorizes us to issue a maximum of 25,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share. As of November 5, 2021, we had 662.25 shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding and the Charter Amendment does not affect the number of authorized shares of preferred stock. Our issued and outstanding securities, as of November 5, 2021, are as follows:
12,460,848 sharesJuly 15, 2022, after completion of Common Stock;
271,550the Reverse Split, we will have between 1,039,757 and 4,159,030 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exerciseissued and outstanding, depending on the Approved Split Ratio selected by the Board.
Principal Effects of stock options, withthe Reverse Split
After the effective date of the proposed Reverse Split, each stockholder will own a weighted average exercise pricereduced number of $13.45 per share, under our Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”);
38,700 shares of awarded but unissued restricted stockCommon Stock. Except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares as described below, the proposed Reverse Split will affect all stockholders uniformly. The proportionate voting rights and restricted stock units underother rights and preferences of the holders of our 2014 Plan;Common Stock will not be affected by the proposed Reverse Split (other than as a result of the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares). For example, a holder of 2% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock immediately prior to a Reverse Split would continue to hold 2% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock immediately after such Reverse Split. The number of stockholders of record also will not be affected by the proposed Reverse Split, except to the extent that any stockholder holds only a fractional share interest and receives cash for such interest after the Reverse Split.
176,246The following table contains approximate number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, issuable upon exercise of stock options, with a weighted average exercise price of $8.61and the estimated per share under our Amended and Restated 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”);
823,754trading price following a 1:10 to 1:40 Reverse Split, without giving effect to any adjustments for fractional shares of Common Stock available for futureor the issuance under our 2020 Plan;of any derivative securities, as of July 15, 2022.
5,446,310After Each Reverse Split Ratio
 
​​
Current
​​
1:10
​​
1:20
​​
1:30
​​
1:40
Common Stock Authorized(1)
​​
50,000,000
​​
50,000,000
​​
50,000,000
​​
50,000,000
​​
50,000,000
Common Stock Issued and Outstanding
​​
41,590,308
​​
4,159,030
​​
2,079,515
​​
1,386,343
​​
1,039,757
Number of Shares of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance
​​
8,409,692
​​
2,114,624(2)
​​
1,057,312(2)
​​
704,874(2)
​​
528,656(2)
Number of Shares of Common Stock Authorized but Unissued and Unreserved
​​
0
​​
43,726,346
​​
46,863,173
​​
47,908,783
​​
48,431,587
Price per share, based on the closing price of our Common Stock on July 15, 2022
​​
$​0.157
​​
$​1.57(3)
​​
$​3.14(3)
​​
$4.71(3)
​​
$​6.28(3)
(1)
The Reverse Split will not have any impact on the number of shares of Common Stock we are authorized to issue under our Charter.
(2)
Includes (i) 160,311 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, with a weighted average exercise price of $13.42 per share, under our Amended and Restated 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”), (ii) 38,700 shares of awarded but unissued restricted stock and restricted stock units under our 2014 Plan, (iii) 708,824 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, with a weighted average exercise price of $2.83 per share, under our Amended and Restated 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), (iv) 1,405,536 shares of Common Stock available for future issuance under our 2020 Plan, (v) 14,717,767 shares of
25
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, with a weighted average exercise price of $9.74$3.10 per share;
712,519share, (vi) 718,495 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of 662.25631.337 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), including in respect of accrued and unpaid dividends of approximately $387,000$0.671 million through November 5, 2021July 15, 2022 at a conversion price of $7.70 per share;share, and
either (x) if the holders of Series B Preferred Stock elect to exchange into our registered direct and private placement offering from January 2021, (vii) up to 731,5161,396,614 additional shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversionissued pursuant to an exchange right in excess of amounts currently underlying Series C ConvertibleB Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”) and up to 731,516 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants or (y) if the holders of Series B Preferred Stock elect to exchange into our sale of shares of Common Stock at $3.40$2.6157 per share under our At The Market Offering Agreement, dated May 26, 2021 (the “ATM Agreement”), (such(viii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series D Preferred Stock, and (ix) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series E Preferred Stock.
(3)
The price per share indicated reflects solely the application of the applicable reverse split ratio to the closing price of the Common Stock on July 15, 2022.
After the effective date of the Reverse Split, our Common Stock would have a new committee on uniform securities identification procedures (CUSIP) number, a number used to identify our Common Stock.
Our Common Stock is currently registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and we are subject to the periodic reporting and other requirements of the Exchange Act. The proposed Reverse Split will not affect the registration of our Common Stock under the Exchange Act. Our Common Stock would continue to be reported on Nasdaq under the symbol “FWBI”, assuming that we are able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price beingrequirement, although it is likely that Nasdaq would add the lowest priceletter “D” to the end of the trading symbol for a period of twenty trading days after the effective date of the Reverse Split to indicate that the Reverse Split had occurred.
Effect on Outstanding Derivative Securities
The Reverse Split will require that proportionate adjustments be made to the conversion rate, the per share soldexercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the following outstanding derivative securities issued by us, in accordance with the Approved Split Ratio (all figures are as of July 15, 2022 and are on a pre-Reverse Split basis), including:
160,311 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, at a weighted average exercise price of $13.42 per share under our 2014 Plan;
38,700 shares of granted, but unissued restricted stock and restricted stock units under our 2014 Plan;
14,717,767 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, with a weighted average exercise price of $3.10 per share;
708,824 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the ATM Agreement to date, exercise of stock options, at a weighted average exercise price of $2.83 per share under our 2020 Plan;
1,405,536 shares of Common Stock that are available for future issuance under our 2020 Plan;
718,495 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock, including in respect of accrued and unpaid dividends of approximately $0.671 million through July 15, 2022;
up to 1,613,6901,396,614 additional shares of Common Stock in each case that may be issued pursuant to an exchange right in excess of amounts currently underlying Series B Preferred Stock.
Until we have obtained approvalStock if the holders of this Proposal No. 2, the limited numberSeries B Preferred Stock elect to exchange into our sale of remaining available shares of Common Stock at $2.6157 per share under the ATM Agreement.
1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series D Preferred Stock; and
1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series E Preferred Stock.
The adjustments to the above securities, as required by the Reverse Split and in accordance with the Approved Split Ratio, would result in approximately the same aggregate price being required to be paid under such securities upon exercise, and approximately the same value of shares of Common Stock being delivered upon such exercise or conversion, immediately following the Reverse Split as was the case immediately preceding the Reverse Split.
Effect on Equity Incentive Plans
As of July 15, 2022, we had 160,311 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options issued under our 2014 Plan. Further, as of July 15, 2022, we had 708,824 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options issued under our 2020 Plan, as well as 1,405,536 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. Pursuant to the terms of the 2014 Plan and the 2020 Plan, the Board, or a designated committee thereof, as applicable, will make it difficult or impossible for us to raiseadjust the necessary capital needed to accomplish our goals,number of shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding awards, the exercise price per share of outstanding stock options and suggest and/or respond to capital financing proposals with potential investors. We will require substantial additionalother
2026
capital resources in order to conduct our operations, complete our product development programs, and meet our contractual obligations. Without substantial additional capital resources, we may need to curtail capital expenditures and reduce business development and other operating activities. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. Becauseterms of our funding requirements, we will try to raise additional capital through public or private financings, as well as collaborative relationships, incurring debt and other available sources.
As previously disclosed in our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed September 13, 2021, and November 16, 2021, we have certain payment obligations to the former stockholders of FWBoutstanding awards issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement, including additional merger2014 Plan and the 2020 Plan to equitably reflect the effects of the Reverse Split. The number of shares subject to vesting under restricted stock awards and the number of shares issuable as contingent consideration and accrued milestones in periodic installmentsas part of $500,000 per month payable from January 2022 through August 2022 and $1.0 million per month payable from September 2022 through July 2023, and for certain additional milestone payments contingent uponan acquisition by the achievement of specified development, regulatory and sales goals. We will need to raise additional capital to meet all such payment obligations, and such capitalCompany will be difficultsimilarly adjusted, subject to raise becauseour treatment of fractional shares. Furthermore, the number of shares available for future grant under the 2014 Plan and the 2020 Plan will be similarly adjusted.
Background on our Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock
On July 15, 2022, we closed a preferred stock financing, in which we issued an aggregate of 150 shares of Series D Preferred Stock and 150 shares of Series E Preferred Stock. The shares of Preferred Stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are convertible, following the effective date of the limited numberReverse Split, into an aggregate of remaining available authorized1,000,000 shares of Common Stock untilwith respect to the Series D Preferred Stock and into an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock with respect to the Series E Preferred Stock. The terms of the Series D Preferred Stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series D Certificate of Designation”), and the terms of the Series E Preferred Stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series E Certificate of Designation”, and together with the Series D Certificate of Designation, the “Certificates of Designation”), each filed with the State of Delaware and effective on July 15, 2022.
The shares of Preferred Stock do not have any voting rights except with respect to the Reverse Stock Split Proposal presented at this Annual Meeting and at any adjournments or postponements thereof, or otherwise as required by law or as set forth in the Certificates of Designation.
Each holder of record of our Series D Preferred Stock is entitled to an aggregate of 5,007.51127 votes per share of Series D Preferred Stock, calculated by dividing the stated value of $1,000 per share of the Series D Preferred Stock by $0.1997 per share, which is the Minimum Price as defined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d) immediately preceding the execution and delivery of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 15, 2022, pursuant to which the Company issued the Series D Preferred Stock (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”).
Each holder of record of our Series E Preferred Stock is entitled to 200,000,000 votes per share of Series E Preferred Stock, or an aggregate of 30,000,000,000 votes for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock as of the Record Date; provided, that, such shares of Series E Preferred Stock shall, to the extent cast on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, be automatically and without further action of the holders thereof voted in the same proportions as shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (excluding any shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock that are not voted). As an example, if the holders of 50.5% of the outstanding Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock voted at the Annual Meeting are voted for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal, 50.5% of the votes cast by the holders of the Series E Preferred Stock shall be deemed to be cast for the Reverse Stock Split Proposal.
The shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding as of the Record Date. In the Purchase Agreement, the holders of the Preferred Stock agreed to vote their shares at the Annual Meeting FOR the Reverse Stock Split Proposal (in the case of the Series E Preferred Stock only, in the same proportions as shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are voted on the Reverse Stock Split Proposal).
Effective Date
The proposed Reverse Split would become effective on the date of filing of the Charter Amendment with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware unless another effective date is set forth in the Charter Amendment. On the effective date, shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock held in treasury, in each case, immediately prior thereto will be combined and reclassified, automatically and without any action on the part of our stockholders, into new shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Approved Split Ratio set forth in this Proposal No. 2. If the proposed Charter Amendment is not adopted and approved by our stockholders, the Reverse Split will not occur.
Treatment of Fractional Shares
No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the Reverse Split. Instead, in lieu of any fractional shares to which a stockholder of record would otherwise be entitled as a result of the Reverse Split, we will pay cash (without interest) equal to such fraction multiplied by the average of the closing sales prices of our Common Stock
27
on the Nasdaq during regular trading hours for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the effective date of the Reverse Split (with such average closing sales prices being adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Split). After the Reverse Split, a stockholder otherwise entitled to a fractional interest will not have obtainedany voting, dividend or other rights with respect to such fractional interest except to receive payment as described above.
Upon stockholder adoption and approval of this Proposal No. 2.
For further information, please refer to our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2021 and November 16, 2021 and the documents filed as exhibits to such reports. The discussion herein is qualified in its entirety by reference to such documents.
The increase in authorized Common Stock will not have any immediate effect on the rights of existing stockholders. To the extent that additional authorized shares are issued in the future, such additional issuances may decrease the existing stockholders' percentage equity ownership and, depending on the price at which they are issued, could be dilutive to the existing stockholders. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive rights and2, if the Board has no planselects to grantimplement the proposed Reverse Split, stockholders owning fractional shares will be paid out in cash for such rights with respectfractional shares. For example, assuming the Board elected to any such shares.
The increase in the authorized numberconsummate an Approved Split Ratio of 1:10, if a stockholder held eleven shares of Common Stock andimmediately prior to the subsequent issuanceReverse Split, then such stockholder would be paid in cash for the one share of such shares could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in controlCommon Stock but will maintain ownership of the Company without further actionremaining shares of Common Stock.
Record and Beneficial Stockholders
If the Reverse Split is authorized by our stockholders and our Board elects to implement the stockholders. SharesReverse Split, stockholders of authorized and unissued Common Stock could, within the limits imposed by applicable law, be issued in onerecord holding some or more transactions that would make a change in controlall of the Company more difficult, and therefore less likely. Any such issuance of additionaltheir shares of Common Stock could haveelectronically in book-entry form under the effectdirect registration system for securities will receive a transaction statement at their address of diluting the earnings per share and book value per share of outstanding shares of Common Stock and such additional shares could be used to dilute the stock ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of us.
The Board is not currently aware of any attempt to take over or acquire the Company. While it may be deemed to have potential anti-takeover effects, the proposed amendment to increaserecord indicating the number of shares of Common Stock they hold after the Reverse Split along with payment in lieu of any fractional shares. Non-registered stockholders holding Common Stock through a bank, broker or other nominee should note that such banks, brokers or other nominees may have different procedures for processing the consolidation and making payment for fractional shares than those that would be put in place by us for registered stockholders. If you hold your shares with such a bank, broker or other nominee and if you have questions in this regard, you are encouraged to contact your nominee.
If the Reverse Split is authorized by the stockholders and our Board elects to implement the Reverse Split, stockholders of record holding some or all of their shares in certificate form will receive a letter of transmittal, as soon as practicable after the effective date of the Reverse Split. Our transfer agent will act as “exchange agent” for issuance under the Charter is not promptedpurpose of implementing the exchange of stock certificates. Holders of pre-Reverse Split shares will be asked to surrender to the exchange agent certificates representing pre-Reverse Split shares in exchange for post-Reverse Split shares and payment in lieu of fractional shares (if any) in accordance with the procedures to be set forth in the letter of transmittal. Until surrender, each certificate representing shares before the Reverse Split would continue to be valid and would represent the adjusted number of whole shares based on the approved exchange ratio of the Reverse Split selected by any specific effort or takeover threat currently perceived by management.the Board. No new post-Reverse Split share certificates will be issued to a stockholder until such stockholder has surrendered such stockholder’s outstanding certificate(s) together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal to the exchange agent.
28
STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD NOT DESTROY ANY PRE-REVERSE SPLIT STOCK CERTIFICATE AND SHOULD NOT SUBMIT ANY CERTIFICATES UNTIL THEY ARE REQUESTED TO DO SO.
Accounting Consequences
The par value per share of Common Stock would remain unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the Reverse Split. As a result, on the effective date of the Reverse Split, the stated capital on our balance sheet attributable to the Common Stock will be reduced proportionally, based on the Approved Split Ratio selected by the Board, from its present amount, and the additional paid-in capital account shall be credited with the amount by which the stated capital is reduced. The per share Common Stock net income or loss and net book value will be increased because there will be fewer shares of Common Stock outstanding. The shares of Common Stock held in treasury, if any, will also be reduced proportionately based on the Approved Split Ratio selected by the Board. Retroactive restatement will be given to all share numbers in the financial statements, and accordingly all amounts including per share amounts will be shown on a post-split basis. We do not anticipate that any other accounting consequences would arise as a result of the Reverse Split.
No Appraisal Rights
Our stockholders are not entitled to dissenters’ or appraisal rights under the Delaware General Corporation Law with respect to this Proposal No. 2 and we will not independently provide our stockholders with any such right if the Reverse Split is implemented.
Material Federal U.S. Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Split
The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of a Reverse Split to our stockholders. The summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority and current administrative rulings and practices as in effect on the date of this Proxy Statement. Changes to the laws could alter the tax consequences described below, possibly with retroactive effect. We have not sought and will not seek an opinion of counsel or a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding the federal income tax consequences of a Reverse Split. This discussion only addresses stockholders who hold Common Stock as capital assets. It does not purport to be authorizedcomplete and does not address stockholders subject to special tax treatment under the Code, including, without limitation, financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, dealers in securities, foreign stockholders, stockholders who hold their pre-reverse stock split shares as part of a straddle, hedge or conversion transaction, and stockholders who acquired their pre-reverse stock split shares pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation. If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships (and other entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purpose) holding our common stock and the partners in such entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the proposed Reverse Split to them. In addition, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of the Reverse Split under state, local and foreign tax laws. Furthermore, the following discussion does not address any tax consequences of transactions effectuated before, after or at the same time as the Reverse Split, whether or not they are in connection with the Reverse Split.
In general, the federal income tax consequences of a Reverse Split will vary among stockholders depending upon whether they receive cash for fractional shares or solely a reduced number of shares of Common Stock in exchange for their old shares of Common Stock. We believe that because the Reverse Split is not part of a plan to increase periodically a stockholder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits, the Reverse Split should have the following federal income tax effects. The Reverse Split is expected to constitute a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. A stockholder who receives solely a reduced number of shares of Common Stock will not recognize gain or loss. In the aggregate, such a stockholder’s basis in the reduced number of shares of Common Stock will equal the stockholder’s basis in its old shares of Common Stock and such stockholder’s holding period in the reduced number of shares will include the holding period in its old shares exchanged. The Treasury Regulations provide detailed rules for allocating the tax basis and holding period of shares of common stock surrendered in a recapitalization to shares received in the recapitalization. Stockholders of our common stock acquired on different dates and at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis and holding period of such shares.
29
A stockholder that, pursuant to the proposed amendment will beReverse Split, receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock should recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and the portion of the same class of Common Stock as is currently authorized under our Charter. These additional shares will be used to issuestockholder’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of our Common Stockcommon stock surrendered that is allocated to such fractional share. Such capital gain or loss will be short term if the pre-Reverse Split shares were held for one year or less at the effective time of the Reverse Split and long term if held for more than one year. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences to them of a payment for fractional shares.
We will not recognize any gain or loss as a result of the proposed Reverse Split.
A stockholder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding on cash paid in lieu of a fractional share in connection with our existing stock option and award plans. In addition, we anticipate raising additional capital through future issuances and sales of sharesthe proposed Reverse Split. A stockholder of our Common Stock,common stock will be subject to backup withholding if such stockholder is not otherwise exempt and such stockholder does not provide its taxpayer identification number in the manner required or securities convertibleotherwise fails to comply with backup withholding tax rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or exercisable for sharesallowed as a credit against a stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service. Stockholders of our Common Stock,common stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and we intend to use the additional shares of Common Stock that will be available to undertake anyprocedures for obtaining such issuances and sales.an exemption.
Other than as described herein, we do not currently have any specific plan, commitment, arrangement, understanding or agreement, either oral or written, regarding the issuance of any additional shares of Common Stock that may be authorized if this Proposal No. 2 to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock is approved by stockholders.THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION IS INTENDED ONLY AS A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN FEDERAL U.S. INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE SPLIT AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OR DISCUSSION OF ALL POTENTIAL TAX EFFECTS RELEVANT THERETO. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE SPLIT IN LIGHT OF YOUR SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES.
Required Vote and Recommendation
In accordance with our Charter, Bylaws and Delaware law, and as further discussed above under Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes, approval and adoption of this Proposal No. 2 requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of at least a majority in voting power of our issuedthe outstanding shares of Common Stock and outstandingPreferred Stock entitled to vote on this Proposal No. 2, voting securities.together as a single class. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” this Proposal No. 2.
Practical Effect of Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
Please note that if you prefer that the Proposal No. 2 not be approved, you should cast your vote against the proposal. Approval of this Proposal No. 2 requires the affirmative vote of the majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock and Preferred Stock entitled to vote on the proposal, voting as a single class. Since the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock has 200,000,000 votes per share on the proposal and votes of the shares of Series E Preferred Stock, when cast, are automatically voted in the same proportion as the aggregate shares of Common Stock and Series D Preferred Stock that are voted on this proposal, the failure of a share of Common Stock to be voted will effectively have no impact on the outcome of the vote. Therefore, shares of Common Stock affirmatively voted against the proposal will have the effect of causing the proportion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock voted against the proposal to increase accordingly and vice versa.
OUR BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL TWO.
2130
PROPOSAL NO. 3: RATIFICATIONAPPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE APPOINTMENT OF MAZARSEXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
TO SERVE TO SERVEOF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AS OUR REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMDESCRIBED IN THIS PROXY
FORSTATEMENT

AND

PROPOSAL NO. 4: INDICATION, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE CURRENT FISCAL YEARPREFERRED FREQUENCY
GeneralOF STOCKHOLDER ADVISORY VOTES ON THE COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED
Upon recommendationEXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Q: What are you voting on?
A:
In accordance with Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are asking stockholders to vote, on an advisory basis, on:
Say-on-pay. Approval of the Audit Committee,compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement, including the various compensation tables and the related narrative disclosures (Proposal 3).
Say-on-frequency. Approval of the frequency of future say-on-pay votes (Proposal 4). Stockholders are not voting to approve the Board’s recommendation that these votes occur on an annual basis, but rather will be able to specify whether future votes should occur every one year, every two years or every three years.
Q: Why does your Board appointed Mazars USA LLP (“Mazars”), asrecommend a vote “FOR” the say-on-pay proposal (Proposal 3)?
A.
The Board believes that the Company’s compensation policies and practices are effective in achieving our goals of motivating and retaining our executives by:
rewarding excellence in leadership and sustained financial performance; and
aligning our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2021, and hereby recommends that the stockholders ratify such appointment. The Board may terminate the appointment of Mazars as our independent registered public accounting firm without the approvalexecutives’ interests with those of our stockholders wheneverto create long-term value.
Q: Why does your Board recommend holding future say-on-pay votes every one year?
A.
The Board believes that its say-on-pay vote should be conducted every one year so that stockholders may annually express their views on the Company’s executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee, which administers the executive compensation program, values the opinions expressed by stockholders in these votes, and even though non-binding, will continue to consider the outcome of these votes in making its decisions on executive compensation.
Q: What are the Board deems such termination necessary or appropriate.effects of these votes?
A:
Proposals 3 and 4 are advisory and non-binding on our Board. However, the Board and the Compensation Committee will review and consider the results of these votes when evaluating our executive compensation program.
Proposals 3 and 4 are as follows:
RepresentativesProposal 3:
“Resolved, that the compensation of Mazars will be present at the Company’s named executive officers, as described in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting or available by telephone and will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and to respond to any appropriate questions from stockholders.
Audit Fees
The following table represents fees for professional services billed by Mazars forof Stockholders, including the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 in relation to services rendered in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements and for tax services rendered with respect to tax-related compliance, advice and planning.
 
​​
For the years ended
December 31,
 
​​
2020
​​
2019
Audit fees(1)
​​
$165,766
​​
$124,640
Audit-related fees(2)
​​
34,700
​​
71,500
Tax fees(3)
​​
27,055
​​
31,087
All other fees(4)
​​
—
​​
—
Total
​​
$227,521
​​
$227,227
(1)
Professional services rendered by Mazars USA LLP for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of financial statements included in our Form 10-Q’s.
(2)
The aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by Mazars USA LLP that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under Note 1 above, principally related to registration statement filings.
(3)
The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by Mazars USA LLP for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
(4)
The aggregate fees billed for products and services provided by Mazars USA LLP other than the services reported in Notes 1 through 3 above.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee has the sole authority for the appointment,various compensation and oversight of the work of our independent auditors. The Audit Committee has established a policy regarding pre-approval of all auditing servicestables and the terms thereof and non-audit services (other than non-audit services prohibited under Section 10A(g) ofrelated narrative disclosures, is hereby APPROVED.”
Proposal 4:
Stockholders are being asked to indicate, on an advisory basis, how often advisory votes on executive compensation shall be held. The choices available on the Exchange Actattached proxy card, in accordance with SEC rules, are every one year, every two years, every three years, or the applicable rules of the SEC or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) to be provided to us by the independent auditor. However, the pre-approval requirement may be waived with respect to the provision of non-audit services for us if the “de minimis” provisions of Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act are satisfied.abstain.
The Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of audit-related fees, tax fees, and all other fees as described above is compatible with maintaining Mazars USA LLP’s independence and has determined that such services for fiscal year 2020 were compatible. All such services were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act to the extent that rule was applicable.
The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and discussing the audited financial statements with management, discussing with the independent registered public accountants the matters required in Auditing Standards No. 16, receiving written disclosures from the independent registered public accountants required by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent registered public accountants’ communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence and discussing with the independent registered public accountants their independence, and recommending to our board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in our annual report on Form 10-K.
22
Required Vote and Recommendation
This proposal requiresIn accordance with our Charter, Bylaws and Delaware law, and as further discussed above under Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes, approval and adoption of these Proposals No. 3 and No. 4 require the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority of votes cast by shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at
31
the Annual Meeting and voting affirmatively or negatively on such matter. Unless otherwise instructed on the proxy or unless authority to vote is withheld, shares represented by executed proxies will be voted “FOR” this proposal. Any abstentions orAbstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to these proposals are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the outcome of this proposal, although they will be counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum present.such proposals.
OUR BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL THREE.

OUR BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE OF EVERY ONE YEAR ON PROPOSAL FOUR.
2332
PROPOSAL NO. 4:5: APPROVAL OF THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING
TO THE EXTENT THERE ARE INSUFFICIENT PROXIES AT THE MEETING
TO APPROVE ANY ONE OR MORE OF THE FOREGOING PROPOSALS.
Adjournment of the Annual Meeting
In the event that the number of shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting “FOR” the adoption of any one or more of the foregoing proposals are insufficient to approve any such proposal, we may move to adjourn the Annual Meeting in order to enable us to solicit additional proxies in favor of the adoption of any such proposal. In that event, we will ask stockholders to vote only upon the adjournment proposal and not on any other proposal discussed in this proxy statement. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
For the avoidance of doubt, any proxy authorizing the adjournment of the Annual Meeting shall also authorize successive adjournments thereof, at any meeting so adjourned, to the extent necessary for us to solicit additional proxies in favor of the adoption of any such proposal.
Required Vote and Recommendation
This proposalIn accordance with our Charter, Bylaws and Delaware law, and as further discussed above under Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes, approval and adoption of this Proposal No. 5 requires the affirmative (“FOR”) vote of a majority of votes cast by shares of our Common Stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and voting affirmatively or negativenegatively on such matter. Unless otherwise instructed on the proxy or unless authority to vote is withheld, shares represented by executed proxies will be voted “FOR” this proposal. Any abstentions orAbstentions and broker non-votes, if any, with respect to this proposal are not counted as votes cast and will not affect the outcome of this proposal, although they will be counted for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum present.proposal.
OUR BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL FOUR.FIVE.
2433
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS AND
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth information regarding shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned as of November 5, 2021 by:
each of our officers and directors;
all officers and directors as a group; and
each person known by us to beneficially own five percent or more of the outstanding shares of our Common Stock. Percentage of ownership is calculated based on 12,460,848 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of November 5, 2021.
All share figures in the table below are reflected on a post-Reverse Stock Split basis.
Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
​​
Number of
Shares(2)
​​
Percent
Ownership
of Class(3)
Current Named Executive Officers and Directors
​​
 
​​
 
James Sapirstein, President and Chief Executive Officer(4)
​​
141,156
​​
*
Daniel Schneiderman, Chief Financial Officer(5)
​​
29,710
​​
*
James E. Pennington, Chief Medical Officer(6)
​​
31,334
​​
*
Edward J. Borkowski, Director Nominee(7)
​​
419,049
​​
*
Charles J. Casamento, Director Nominee(8)
​​
25,789
​​
*
Alastair Riddell, Director Nominee(9)
​​
30,294
​​
*
Vern L. Schramm, Director(10)
​​
23,139
​​
*
Gregory Oakes, Director Nominee(11)
​​
9,090
​​
*
Terry Coelho, Director Nominee(12)
​​
19
​​
*
All Directors, Executive Officers and Former Named Executive Officers
as a group (11 persons)
​​
709,580
​​
5.42%
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of such individual is c/o First Wave BioPharma, Inc., 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
(2)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. All entries exclude beneficial ownership of shares issuable pursuant to warrants, options or other derivative securities that have not vested or that are not otherwise exercisable as of the date hereof or which will not become vested or exercisable within 60 days of November 5, 2021.
(3)
Percentages are rounded to nearest tenth of a percent. Percentages are based on 12,460,848 shares of Common Stock outstanding. Warrants, options or other derivative securities that are presently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other person.
(4)
Includes (i) 61,666 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options, (ii) 14,555 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of approximately 13.53 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which includes issued PIK dividends through November 5, 2021, and (iii) 64,935 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants. Excludes (i) 88,334 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options, and (ii) 20,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon unvested Restricted Stock Units (RSUs). Pursuant to the Exchange Right, Mr. Sapirstein has the right to exchange the stated value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock beneficially owned by him for shares of Series C Preferred Stock and Investor Warrants or shares of Common Stock on a dollar-for-dollar basis.
(5)
Includes (i) 100 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 29,610 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 28,890 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(6)
Includes 31,334 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 27,166 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(7)
Includes (i) 40,977 shares of Common Stock; (ii) 307,923 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants; (iii) 17,090 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options; (iv) 51,691 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of approximately 48.04 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which includes issued PIK dividends through November 5, 2021, and (v) 1,368 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Borkowski’s spouse. Excludes (i) 4,500 unvested and unissued restricted shares of Common Stock; and (ii) 1,033 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options. Pursuant to the Exchange Right, Mr. Borkowski has the right to exchange the stated value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock beneficially owned by him for shares of Series C Preferred Stock and Investor Warrants on a dollar-for-dollar basis.
25
(8)
Includes (i) 10,799 shares of Common Stock; (ii) 14,090 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options; and (iii) 900 shares of Common Stock held by La Jolla Lenox Trust, a family trust of which the Trustee is someone other than Mr. Casamento. Mr. Casamento and members of his immediate family are the sole beneficiaries of the trust. Excludes 75,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options. Excludes 1,033 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(9)
Includes (i) 13,204 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 17,090 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes (i) 3,000 unvested restricted shares of Common Stock; and (ii) 1,033 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(10)
Includes (i) 9,049 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 14,090 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 1,033 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(11)
Includes 9,090 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 1,033 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
(12)
Includes 19 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of vested options. Excludes 1,012 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of unvested options.
26
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Deadline for Receipt of Stockholder Proposals for the 20222023 Annual Meeting
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, stockholder proposals to be included in our next proxy statement must be received by our Chief Financial Officer by writing to First Wave BioPharma, Inc., Attention: Chief Financial Officer –- 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, no later than 90 days, or May 27, 2023, nor more than 120 days, or April 27, 2023, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Submitted proposals must comply with applicable Delaware law, the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and the procedures set forth in our Bylaws.
We reserve the right to reject, rule out of order, or take other appropriate action with respect to any proposal that does not comply with these and all other applicable requirements.
Householding of Proxy Materials
The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy statements and annual reports with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single proxy statement and annual report addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.
A number of brokers with account holders who are stockholders of the Company will be “householding” our proxy materials. A single set of our proxy materials will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that they will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in “householding” and would prefer to receive a separate set of our proxy materials at no charge, please notify your broker or direct a written request to First Wave BioPharma, Inc., Attention: Chief Financial Officer –- 777 Yamato Road, Suite 502, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, or contact us at (561) 589-7020. We undertake to deliver promptly, upon any such verbal or written request, a separate copy of itsour proxy materials to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of these documents was delivered. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of our proxy materials at their address and would like to request “householding” of their communications should contact their broker, bank or other nominee, or contact us at the above address or phone number.
Other Matters
At the date of this proxy statement, we know of no other matters, other than those described above, that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If any other business should come before the Annual Meeting, it is intended that the proxy holders will vote all proxies using their best judgment in the interest of the Company and the stockholders.
Solicitation of Proxies
The solicitation of proxies pursuant to this proxy statement is being made by us. Proxies may be solicited, among other methods, by mail, facsimile, telephone, telegraph, Internet and in person.
The expenses of preparing, printing and distributing this proxy statement and the accompanying form of proxy and the cost of soliciting proxies will be borne by us.
Copies of soliciting materials will be furnished to banks, brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for forwarding to the beneficial owners of shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock for whom they hold shares, and we will reimburse them for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection therewith.
We have also retainedengaged Alliance Advisors LLC, to assist it in the solicitation of proxies.proxies and provide related advice and informational support, for a services fee, plus customary disbursements, which are not expected to exceed $200,000 in total. Alliance Advisors LLC will solicit proxies on our behalf of us from individuals, brokers, bank nominees and other institutional holders in the same manner described above. Alliance Advisors LLC will receive a base fee of $7,500, plus approved and reasonable out of pocket expenses and additional processing fees for any call campaigns, for its services to us for the solicitation of the proxies. We have also agreed to indemnify Alliance Advisors LLC against certain claims.
2734
REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING
VIRTUALLY, PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY STATEMENT AND THEN SUBMIT A PROXY TO VOTE
BY INTERNET, TELEPHONE OR MAIL AS PROMPTLY AS POSSIBLE TO ENSURE THAT
YOUR SHARES ARE REPRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING.
 
​​
BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS,
 
​​
​​
/s/ James Sapirstein
Boca Raton, Florida
​​
JAMES SAPIRSTEIN
November 19, 2021July 25, 2022
​​
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors
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Appendix A
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
FIRST WAVE BIOPHARMA, INC.
First Wave BioPharma, Inc. (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, does hereby certify as follows:
FIRST: That a resolution was duly adopted on November 8, 2021,May 27, 2022, by the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware setting forth an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation and declaring said amendment to be advisable. The stockholders of the Corporation duly approved said proposed amendment at an annual meeting of stockholders held on December 17, 2021,August 25, 2022, in accordance with Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The proposed amendment set forth as follows:
Article FOURTH of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended to date, be and hereby is further amended by replacing the second, third and restatedfourth paragraphs of Article FOURTH with the following:
Upon effectiveness (“Effective Time”) of this amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, a one-for-[  ]1 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Split”) of the Corporation’s Common Stock shall become effective, pursuant to which each [  ] shares of Common Stock outstanding and held of record by each stockholder of the Corporation (including treasury shares) immediately prior to the Effective Time (“Old Common Stock”) shall automatically, and without any action by the holder thereof, be reclassified and combined into one (1) validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable share of Common Stock (“New Common Stock”), subject to the treatment of fractional interests as described below and with no corresponding reduction in its entiretythe number of authorized shares of our Common Stock. The Reverse Split shall also apply to readany outstanding securities or rights convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, Old Common Stock and all references to such Old Common Stock in agreements, arrangements, documents and plans relating thereto or any option or right to purchase or acquire shares of Old Common Stock shall be deemed to be references to the New Common Stock or options or rights to purchase or acquire shares of New Common stock, as follows:the case may be, after giving effect to the Reverse Split.
The totalNo fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Stockholders of record who otherwise would be entitled to receive fractional shares, will be entitled to receive cash (without interest) in lieu of fractional shares, equal to such fraction multiplied by the average of the closing sales prices of our Common Stock on the exchange the Corporation is currently trading during regular trading hours for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the effective date of the Reverse Split (with such average closing sales prices being adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Split).
Each holder of record of a certificate or certificates for one or more shares of the Old Common Stock shall be entitled to receive as soon as practicable, upon surrender of such certificate, a certificate or certificates representing the largest whole number of shares of New Common Stock to which such holder shall be entitled pursuant to the provisions of the immediately preceding paragraphs. Each stock certificate that, immediately prior to the Effective Time, represented shares of Old Common Stock that were issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall, from and after the Effective Time, automatically and without the necessity of presenting the same for exchange, represent that number of whole shares of New Common Stock after the Effective Time into which the Corporation shallshares formerly represented by such certificate have authoritybeen reclassified (as well as the right to issue is sixty million (60,000,000)receive cash in lieu of fractional shares of which fifty million (50,000,000) shares shall be common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and ten million (10,000,000) shares shall be preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The board of directors ofNew Common Stock after the Corporation may divide the preferred stock into any number of series, fix the designation and number of each such series, and determine or change the designation, relative rights, preferences, and limitations of any series of preferred stock. The board of directors (within the limits and restrictions of the adopting resolutions) may increase or decrease the number of shares initially fixed for any series, but no decrease may reduce the number below the shares then outstanding and duly reserved for issuance.Effective Time.
SECOND: That said amendment will have an Effective Time of 5:00 P.M.12:01 A.M., Eastern Time, on the filing date of this Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its President and Chief Executive Officer this   day of     , 2021.2022.
James Sapirstein
President and Chief Executive Officer
1
Shall be a whole number equal to or greater than ten (10) and equal to or lesser than forty (40), which number is referred to as the “Reverse Split Factor” (it being understood that any Reverse Split Factor within such range shall, together with the remaining provisions of this Certificate of Amendment not appearing in brackets, constitute a separate amendment being approved and adopted by the board and stockholders in accordance with Section 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law).
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